Overview
As a supplement to the timeline, here's a list of records of more general interest to those who know something about their ancestors' jobs or careers. Click through the pages to find links that will lead you to the documents you need - textile industry records, trade union information, and more.
Official registration documents
Occupations are recorded in birth, marriage or death certificates. For England and Wales, indexes to these certificates can be searched online, and orders can be placed online for copies of the certificates. For Scotland, digitised certificates can be viewed online. Irish indexes are available at the National Archives of Ireland or the Public Records Office Northern Ireland.
Further information:
Census returns
Your ancestor’s occupation should be recorded fully in the census returns of 1851 to 1901. The returns for England, Wales and Scotland are available online. For Ireland, only the 1901 and 1911 censuses survive, and they can be viewed at the National Archives of Ireland in Dublin, although they too are gradually being made available online.
For further information and to view census records online:
Railway workers
From the early 19th century, thousands of people worked on the British railway network - as engineers, drivers, station workers or managers. Most personnel files are with the National Archives.
Further information:
Merchant seamen
Many people from the coastal communities of this island nation found work with the Merchant Navy. The National Archives holds the most important collection of personnel records.
Campaign medals for merchant seamen in WW2:
Further information:
Trade Directories
Many companies, businesses or named traders advertised in directories. There is a useful online resource where you can search by name, place or period.
Further information:
Local employment records
Most employment records – where they survive – are held at the relevant local archives where the business was based.
You can search for relevant collections via:
Textile Industry
While any surviving records of individual textile manufacturing companies are likely to be deposited at the relevant local archive, there are some central resources you might find useful.
Further information:
Coal Mining Industry
The National Coal Museum holds material relating to the coal industry, whilst records of the nationalised mining industry can be found at the National Archives.
Further information:
Archives for Employment, Labour and Trade Union History
- The Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick, holds archives relating to labour and trade union history:
- The John Rylands Library also holds company, business and trade union records:
- The People's History Museum holds information about working life:
- The TUC Library Collection, which is based at the London Metropolitan University, has a comprehensive archive on the history of the British and international trade union movement.
National employment records
Useful addresses
The National Archives
- Ruskin Avenue, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU
Business Archives Council
Business Archives Council of Scotland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ
Maritime History Archive
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7
National Maritime Museum
- Romney Road, London SE10 9NF
Registry of Shipping and Seamen
- PO Box 165, Cardiff CF4 5JA
National Coal Museum
- Caphosue Colliery, New Road, Overton, Wakefield WF4 4RH
National Railway Museum
- Leeman Road, York, YO26 4XJ, UK
Weavers' Triangle Visitor Centre
- 85 Manchester Road, Burnley, Lancashire
Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
- University Library, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL
John Rylands University Library
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PP
Trades Union Congress
- Congress House, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3LS
Rural History Centre and Museum of English Rural Life
- University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 229, Reading RG6 2AG
People's History Museum
- 103 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 6DD