{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1 \deff0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f28\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f29\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f31\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f32\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f33\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f34\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f35\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}}
{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;
\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \snext0 
Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \i\fs24\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1040\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 Body Text;}}{\info
{\title ITALIAN JOURNEY \'96 PROGRAMME 2}{\author BR}{\operator RoachD20}{\creatim\yr2001\mo3\dy23\hr18\min51}{\revtim\yr2001\mo3\dy26\hr9\min47}{\version18}{\edmins57}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords705}{\nofchars4019}{\*\company SMASS}{\nofcharsws0}{\vern8269}}
\paperw11909\paperh16834 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3
\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl \fet0\sectd \binfsxn1\binsxn1\psz9\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2
\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 ITALIAN JOURNEY \endash  PROGRAMME 2
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 ROME \endash  ETRUSCAN TOMBS
\par 
\par }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \i\fs24\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1040\langfenp1033 {\fs20 Cerveteri is an ancient town in the heart of the Etruscan countryside, 42 kilometres outside Rome

\par 
\par Archeologist Federica Scala offered to show James one of the many burial grounds}{\fs20\cf6  }{\fs20 and to tell him a bit about this fascinating civilisation.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 So who were the Etruscans?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 They were a people who lived here long before
 the Romans.  Just think, when Rome was not much more than a little village on the banks of the Tiber, the Etruscans already controlled all the trade routes in the Mediterranean.  So they were a very important people.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 And what are these wells?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 They are ancient graves.  They are the oldest ones here, in this burial ground.  They contained the urns with the ashes of th
e dead who were cremated, and their ashes put inside terracotta urns in these tufa, these rock chambers.  As I said, these are the oldest ones here.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 But I thought there were tombs here.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 There are lots here.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Will you show me?
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Of course! Let\rquote s go.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 OK. Thank you. So, we have seen the small tombs and now there is this enormous tomb.  Why did this change take place?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Because the tombs we saw were from a period when the city was very
 small, just a village.  These tombs belong to a period when the city had become more important.  And there was an aristocracy that could afford such splendid tombs.
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 But why were the tombs so important?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Look, I\rquote ll show you inside this one and I\rquote ll tell you.
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Is it dug out of the rock?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s completely dug out of the ground.  Out of the rock.  There was a roof here.  It was completely covered.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s incredible. It\rquote s strange that it is so big on the outside and so small inside.
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Because in this large burial mound there are three other tombs.  This is the oldest, but it is not the only one.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It looks like a house!
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, because the Etrusca
ns built their tombs like houses.  Because they thought that in the afterlife the dead person needed everything that they needed in life.  Here the bodies were laid on the ground, not cremated as we saw in the older tombs.  I\rquote 
ll show you another interesting one.  Shall we go?  Do you remember?  It\rquote s called the \'93Hut tomb\'94.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 "Hut" because \'85 of its shape?
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Because of its shape, yes.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Another change?
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, you see, here there is no longer a mound.  The tomb has been entirely dug out of the rock.  We\rquote re going down.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, we\rquote re going a long way down.  Is it from a different period? 
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, it\rquote s later than the burial mounds we saw earlier. This dates back to the 4}{\lang1040\langfe1033\super\langnp1040 th}{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 
 century B.C. 
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s incredible! Is it the only tomb where there is painted relief work?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, look, this is all painted plaster-work, that has been stuck onto the walls of the tomb.  It shows everyday objects such as goblets, shields and swords. Can you see?

\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s fantastic!
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 And there are the tombs.  The one opposite us is the main one \endash  Mr. Matuna\rquote 
s tomb.  It was a family tomb, of a very important family that we know were called \'93Matuna\'94.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 I\rquote ve never seen such a beautiful tomb!
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s the only one of its kind, not only here, but in the whole of Etruria.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 So it\rquote s not the only one in Italy?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Well, the Etruscans only settled in Etruria, not all over Italy.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s a bit like a city.
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, isn\rquote t it?  It\rquote s got roads, and the tombs are almost like houses,  This is one of the largest tombs in the necropolis. 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Yes, I can see.  What us this tomb called?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s the Mengarelli tomb.
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Why "Mengarelli"?  What does that mean?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It\rquote s the name of the person who financed and carried out the first excavations on this archeological site in the early 1920s.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 And why is it so big?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 It probably belonged to a prince, or a very important person here in Cerveteri.  Look!
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Oh, that\rquote s beautiful!Fabulous! 
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 That was the most important tomb, and around it the tombs of the less important families.
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 And is this the most important one?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 There\rquote s another one, down there, which is very big.  But it is one of the biggest. 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 And what is special about this tomb?
\par  
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 The unusual thing is that it is not finished. And we don\rquote t know why.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 James: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 We don\rquote t know?
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 Federica Scala: }{\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040 We don\rquote t know. It\rquote s a mystery. It\rquote s one of the many mysteries surrounding this civilisation.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {
\par }}