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\par TOLEDO
\par 
\par Narrator
\par Although it is only in recent years that the Spanish have s
tarted to appreciate their historic legacy, the city of Toledo has known for many years that it had an extraordinary past. It was ever the heart of the ancient kingdom of Castile, many centuries before Madrid was more than a glimmer in the eye of a king. 
It was also one of the most important cities of Moorish Spain, the most important city of Jewish Spain and its cathedral is the tallest and the most holy of all cathedrals in Catholic Spain. 
\par To be able to observe the city far from the bustle of the centre,
 the best course of action is a room in the 'Parador Nacional', one of a state-owned chain of inns that are often located in historic buildings all over the country, and that have been converted for the purposes of receiving visitors.
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par Good afternoon.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Afternoon. I've got a reservation.
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par What name is it in?
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par My name is Mr. Elms, E L M S.
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par May I see your passport, please?
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Yes, here it is.
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par Thank you.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Just for the one night.
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par Just one night, fine. Please sign here.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Here?
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par Thank you. You may put away your passport now. Welcome, sir. The porter will accompany you to your room..
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Thanks. See you later.
\par 
\par Hotelier
\par See you later.
\par 
\par Narrator
\par For anyone interested in carrying home a souvenir from Toledo, the traditional Toledan craftwork, that uses exactly the same techniques as it did in the past, is still going strong.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Jos\'e9, what exactly is being done here?
\par 
\par Jos\'e9
\par Here we do damascene work.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Damascene?
\par 
\par Jos\'e9
\par Damascene. The name comes from Damascus, from the Arabs of Syria, and it consists of 24 and 22-carat gold inlay.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par How exactly do you do it?
\par 
\par Jos\'e9
\par What my colleague here is doing, is inlaying gold threads onto the black base, which is steel. With his left hand he inlays the gold and with the right he guides it to create the design.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Is it possible to see the difference between machine-made and hand-made articles?
\par 
\par Jos\'e9
\par Yes, let me explain: here we have three items. One has been engraved with a die: the die is in a press and it does the engraving. This piece is flawless. Then there is electrolysis. That is a deposit of gold, gold plate, but it wears off quickly. Now this
 is the real work: look how we can see the petals on the flowers, and the birds' plumage. Another difference is that if you turn the piece over, you should be able to see all the dents made by the hammer on the other side.
\par 
\par Robert Elms
\par Thank you very much.
\par 
\par Jos\'e9
\par Thank you.
\par 
\par Narrator
\par }\pard \widctlpar\adjustright {\f1\fs24 
In the days when the Moors ruled over the whole of the peninsula, the Jewish community became one of the most important. In Toledo, one of the few synagogues that have survived has been converted into the museum of the Jewish civilisa
tion in Spain. From the time of their arrival, with the Romans, up until their expulsion in 1492, the Spanish Jewish community was one of the most important Europe has known. As they were principally lawyers, doctors and diplomats, they left an important 
l
egacy and Spain also made its mark upon them. Sephardi is one of the most important Jewish languages in the world and it is also one of the oldest forms of Spanish still spoken today in some isolated communities. In Spain today there is a small but growin
g Jewish community, which is slowly rediscovering a history that had been long forgotten.
\par }}