麻豆社

Why are millions of Afghans pushed into circular migration, and what awaits them in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan? In this series, we explore one of the world鈥檚 largest and longest-running refugee crises - a story spanning decades and affecting nearly half of Afghanistan鈥檚 population. Once welcomed as guests and embraced in the spirit of Islamic solidarity in neighbouring Iran and Pakistan, Afghan refugees now find themselves facing restrictions, discrimination and deportation. In the first part, we go back to the geopolitics of the Cold War to see how the mix of Soviet tanks, American money and tribal warfare created the perfect conditions for a mass exodus.

Find out more about 麻豆社 Monitoring on our website: https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk

Contributors: Haroon Rahmani, Umaima Zia, Barry Sadid
Producer: Kriszta Satori, Barry Sadid
Presenter: Krassi Ivanova Twigg
Music: Pete Cunningham