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The liberation of Auschwitz

An archive interview with General Vasily Petrenko, one of the Red Army commanders who freed prisoners at the Nazi death camp.

On 27 January 1945, prisoners at the Nazis鈥� largest death camp were freed by the Soviet Union鈥檚 Red Army.

General Vasily Petrenko commanded one of the four units that liberated Auschwitz.

The Nazis murdered 1.1 million people at Auschwitz-Birkenau between 1941 and 1945. Almost a million were Jews, 70,000 were Polish prisoners, 21,000 Roma, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war and an unknown number of gay men.

It was one of six death camps the Nazis built in occupied Poland in 1942, and it was by far the biggest.

Vicky Farncombe produced this episode using an interview General Vasily Petrenko gave to the 麻豆社鈥檚 Russian Service in 2001. He died in 2003.

Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there.

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You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the civil rights swimming protest; the disastrous D-Day rehearsal; and the death of one of the world鈥檚 oldest languages.

(Photo: Auschwitz survivors watch the arrival of Soviet troops come to free them. Credit: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)

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11 minutes

Last on

Wed 28 Jan 2026 03:50GMT

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