�鶹��

Use �鶹��.com or the new �鶹�� App to listen to �鶹�� podcasts, Radio 4 and the World Service outside the UK.

The Four Caliphs

The first four caliphs of the Rashidun Caliphate

World Service,4 episodes

Episodes

ListGrid

Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr became the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
11 Jun 1997,13 mins
Umar
Under the second caliph Umar the Rashidun Caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate
12 Jun 1997,13 mins
Uthman ibn Affan
Under Uthman ibn Affan the Arabs gained an empire and experienced unity and stability
13 Jun 1997,13 mins
Ali
The reluctant Ali ibn Abi Talib was the last of the Rashidun caliphs
14 Jun 1997,13 mins