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In his new series, David Cannadine examines the artefacts and emblems that shape the British constitution - their origins, their meanings, and their significance today. These ‘materials of state’ range from the parliamentary Black Rod to the ancient Stone of Destiny, the ceremonial Sword of State, to the democratic Ballot Box. They're invested with historic meanings and symbolic connotations by those who see these objects as the embodiment of history, identity and tradition. But they also provoke dissent and disagreement from those who view them in a more negative and critical light. In this first programme, David explores the history of the Union Jack, as one of the UK’s key ‘materials of state’, an object whose significance reflects the nation’s history, identity and political debates. The flag originated in 1606 after the union of the English and Scottish crowns, later incorporating Ireland’s St Patrick’s cross in 1801. Its composite design tells the story of the Union, though modern nationalism has revived separate national flags within the UK. Over time, the flag’s popularity has surged and waned, and the Union Jack has served variously as an imperial emblem, a commercial brand, a counter-cultural icon, and a fashion motif. Its meanings have shifted from representing empire and Protestantism, to being appropriated by far-right groups, and now symbolising a multicultural society for many citizens. Today, amid debates over Brexit, immigration and national identity, the Union Jack again provokes strong feelings. Whether loved or loathed, the Union Jack remains a contested and symbolically charged national emblem. Contributors in order of appearance: Professor Nick Groom, Author of ‘The Union Jack: The Story of the British Flag’ Christopher Taylor, Director of ‘Flying Colours’ Flagmakers Sunder Katwala, Director of ‘British Future’ and author of ‘How to be a Patriot’ Andrew Rosindell, Conservative MP for Romford Presented by Professor Sir David Cannadine Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald Series Researcher: Martin Spychal Sound Mixing: Tony Churnside The series has been made in association with the History of Parliament Trust A Zinc Audio production for Â鶹Éç Radio 4