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Donald Macleod follows Anton Rubinstein on his controversial quest to transform classical music in Russia. The 19th century was an exciting time for classical musicians. Urban centres across Europe and the New World were expanding rapidly, creating a profitable music circuit for touring performers – particularly if you had the talent and star-power to attract audiences in large numbers! A new breed of performer began to emerge: extraordinary virtuosos whose dazzling abilities made them into international sensations. Liszt, Chopin, Clara Schumann and Paganini are among the names best remembered today, but there were many others. This week, Donald Macleod explores the life and music of five more 19th-century ‘showstoppers’ who were equally celebrated in their day and who also turned their talents to composing. Today, Donald brings us the story of Anton Rubinstein, whose exceptional skills as a pianist allowed him to expand his horizons beyond his native Russia and build a glittering career in Europe and America. However, when Rubinstein saw how talented musicians were nurtured and educated in the West, he was inspired to return home and set up an elite music school in St. Petersburg. He became determined to make Russia a leading force in classical music, although not everyone agreed with his methods, and bitter battles ensued. Trot de Cavalerie Wuppertal Symphony Orchestra, conducted by George Hanson Akrostichon No. 1, Op. 37, No. 3, ‘U’ Joseph Banowetz, piano Symphony No. 2 'Océan': IV. Allegro Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Stephen Gunzenhauser The Demon, Act 3: "Ja tot, katoramu vnimala" Nicolai Ghiaurov, bass (Demon), London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Sir Edward Downes The Demon: Ballet music Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Michael Halász Piano Sonata No. 3 In F Major Op. 41, IV. Allegro vivace Leslie Howard, piano Piano Concerto No. 4 1. Moderato assai Shura Cherkassky, piano, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Vladimir Ashkenazy