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Harkman Muiruri Muniu took part in the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya from 1952. It was a campaign against colonial rule and European settlers, led by people such as Dedan Kimathi and Jomo Kenyatta. In the four years of intense fighting 100 Europeans were killed, 2,000 African loyalists and 11,000 Mau Mau rebels. The uprising was brutally crushed but the struggle acted as a catalyst for independence which came in 1963.