{\rtf1\mac \deff89\deflang1033{\fonttbl{\f81\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 Padarn;}{\f89\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 Palatino;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;
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\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar \f89 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}}{\info{\title w. 147 (18)}{\author Tania}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2000\mo7\dy10\hr14\min3}{\revtim\yr2000\mo7\dy10\hr14\min4}{\version4}
{\edmins1}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords850}{\nofchars4849}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820\margl1080\margr1080 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0\fracwidth \fet0\sectd 
\sbknone\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar \f89 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul GWERS 16
\par 
\par 
\par CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b\f81    }{\b\f81\ul BASIL DAVIES
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx620 {\b\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b\f81\ul NOD:}{\b\f81       Prynu pethau
\par }{\f81 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab }{\b\f81\ul Geirfa
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b\f81\ul 
\par }{\b\f81 \tab }{\f81 siec (b)\tab -\tab cheque\tab \tab carden gredyd (b)\tab -\tab credit card
\par \tab anrheg(ion)\tab -\tab present(s)\tab \tab cerdyn credyd\tab -\tab credit card
\par \tab tei (b/g)\tab -\tab tie\tab \tab \tab barn (b)\tab \tab -\tab opinion
\par \tab lliw\tab \tab -\tab colour
\par 
\par \tab talu am\tab -\tab to pay for\tab \tab chwilio am\tab \tab -\tab to look for
\par \tab talu \'89\tab \tab -\tab to pay with by\tab gweddu i\tab \tab -\tab to suit
\par \tab gweld\tab -\tab to see\tab \tab \tab ffitio\tab \tab \tab -\tab to fit
\par \tab mynegi\tab -\tab to express\tab \tab piau\tab \tab \tab -\tab to own
\par \tab 
\par \tab drud\tab \tab -\tab expensive\tab \tab rhad\tab \tab \tab -\tab cheap
\par \tab rhesymol\tab -\tab reasonable\tab \tab perffaith\tab \tab -\tab perfect
\par \tab hallt\tab \tab -\tab salty
\par 
\par \tab rhy\tab \tab -\tab too\tab \tab \tab o lawer\tab \tab -\tab by far
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\f81 \tab llawer rhy\tab -\tab far/much too\tab tipyn o bopeth\tab -\tab a bit of \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab   everything
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\f81 
\par \tab hwn (g)\tab -\tab this\tab \tab \tab hwnna (g)\tab \tab -\tab that
\par \tab hon (b)\tab -\tab this\tab \tab \tab honna (b)\tab \tab -\tab that
\par \tab y rhain\tab -\tab these\tab \tab \tab y rheina\tab \tab -\tab those
\par 
\par }{\b\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\b\f81\ul RHAN 1
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 \tab 1.   }{\b\f81\ul chwilio am}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul to look / search for
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Am}{\f81  beth rydych chi'n }{\b\f81 chwilio}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 For }{\f81 what are you }{\b\f81 looking}{\f81 ?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab 'Dw i'n }{\b\f81 chwilio am }{\f81 got newydd.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  I'm }{\b\f81 looking for }{\f81 a new coat.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f81\ul yn ddrud}{\f81\ul  }{\f81  }{\b\f81    -     }{\b\f81\ul expensive, dear}{\f81 \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul yn rhad}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul cheap}{\f81 
\par }\pard \sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab Oedd y car }{\b\f81 yn rhad}{\f81 ?  -  Nac oedd, roedd e}{\b\f81 'n ddrud }{\f81 iawn.
\par \tab \tab \tab  -  Was the car }{\b\f81 cheap}{\f81 ? -  No, it was very }{\b\f81 expensive.
\par }{\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81  
\par \tab 3.\tab }{\b\f81\ul yn rhy ddrud / rhad}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul too expensive / cheap}{\f81 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab Mae'r sgert 'ma}{\b\f81 ' n rhy ddrud.
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\b\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\f81 -  This skirt is }{\b\f81 too expensive.}{\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul o lawer }{\b\f81     -     }{\b\f81\ul by far
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\b\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab Mae'r sgert 'ma'n rhy ddrud }{\b\f81 o lawer.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\f81 This skirt is too expensive }{\b\f81 by far.
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\b\f81 \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul yn llawer rhy... }{\b\f81     -     }{\b\f81\ul much / far too...
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\b\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab Mae'r sgert 'ma'}{\b\f81 n llawer rhy }{\f81 ddrud.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  This skirt is }{\b\f81 much / far too }{\f81 expensive.
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 \tab 4.\tab }{\b\f81\ul hwn}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul this (masculine object)}{\f81 \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul hon}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul this (feminine object)}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Faint ydy }{\b\f81 hwn}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  How much is }{\b\f81 this}{\f81 ?  ( a masculine object  e.g. }{\b\f81 'crys', 'car', 'llyfr'}{\f81  )
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Faint yw }{\b\f81 hon}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab  -  How much is }{\b\f81 this}{\f81 ?  ( a feminine object  e.g. }{\b\f81 'sgert', 'siaced', 'cot', }{\f81 )
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 5.\tab }{\b\f81\ul y rhain}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul these}{\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul y rheina}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul those}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Ydy}{\b\f81 'r rhain }{\f81 yn ddrud?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  Are }{\b\f81 these }{\f81 expensive?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Faint ydy}{\b\f81 'r rheina}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  How much are }{\b\f81 those}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Pwy biau'}{\b\f81 r rhain / rheina}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  Who owns }{\b\f81 these / those}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab     ( Whose are }{\b\f81 these / those }{\f81 ?)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900 {\f81 \tab 6.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Ga(f) i?}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul May I?}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\f81\ul Followed by a }{\b\f81\ul verb  }{\f81\ul (which undergoes a Soft Mutation)}{\f81 \tab \tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Ga' i }{\f81 dalu \'89 siec?  -  Wrth gwrs!
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1340\tx5760 {\f81 \tab \tab          -  }{\b\f81 May I }{\f81 pay by cheque?  -  Of course!
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440\tx5760 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Ga' i }{\f81 dalu \'89 cherdyn credyd?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 May I }{\f81 pay by credit card?
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440\tx5760 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440\tx5760 {\f81 \tab 7.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Ga(f) i? }{\b\f81     -     }{\b\f81\ul May I have?
\par 
\par }{\b\f81 \tab \tab }{\f81\ul Followed by a }{\b\f81\ul noun }{\f81\ul (which undergoes a Soft Mutation). There is no need to add}{\f81  
\par \tab \tab }{\f81\ul the verb '}{\b\f81\ul cael}{\f81\ul '. It is understood. Don't be tempted to say  '}{\b\f81\ul Ga' i gael..."}{\f81 
\par \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Ga' i }{\f81 ddau kilo o datws, os gwelwch yn dda?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 May I have}{\f81  two kilos of potatoes, please?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Ga' i }{\f81 grys a thei newydd?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 May I have}{\f81  a new shirt and tie?}{\b\f81  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 8.\tab }{\b\f81\ul barn}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul opinion}{\f81                                }{\b\f81\ul mynegi barn}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul to express an opinion}{\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx5760 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440\tx5760 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab Beth ydy'ch }{\b\f81 barn }{\f81 (chi) am y 'sgidie (esgidiau) 'ma?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  What is your }{\b\f81 opinion }{\f81 of these shoes?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab 'Dw i ddim yn gallu }{\b\f81 mynegi barn .}{\b\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab -  I can't }{\b\f81 express an opinion.}{\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul RHAN 2}{\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\f81 \tab 1.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Faint y.....?}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul How much a / per.....?}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint y }{\f81 kilo ydy'r afalau?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 How much a }{\f81 kilo are the apples?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint y}{\f81  litr ydy petrol yn Ffrainc?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 How much a}{\f81  litre is petrol in France?
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\f81 \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Faint yr un.....?}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul How much each.....?
\par }{\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint yr un }{\f81 ydy'r orennau?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 How much each}{\f81  are the oranges?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint yr un}{\f81  ydy'r platiau 'ma?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 How much each }{\f81 are these plates?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint yr un }{\f81 ydy'r rhain / rheina?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 How much each }{\f81 are these / those?
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\f81 \tab 3\tab }{\b\f81\ul gweddu i...}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul to suit...}{\b\f81  
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\b\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\f81 \tab i fi \tab \tab \tab i ni
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab i ti\tab \tab \tab i chi
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab i Tom / Mair\tab \tab iddyn nhw
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab iddo fe/fo
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab iddi hi}{\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\b\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\f81 Ydy hon }{\b\f81 yn gweddu i }{\f81 fi?  ( 'het'  -  feminine )
\par \tab \tab \tab -  Does this }{\b\f81 suit me}{\f81 ?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Mae hwnna'}{\b\f81 n gweddu}{\f81 'n berffaith}{\b\f81  iddo fe.}{\f81    ('crys'  -  masculine )}{\b\f81 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab -  That }{\b\f81 suits him }{\f81 perfectly}{\b\f81 .}{\f81  
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Doedd y lliw ddim }{\b\f81 yn gweddu iddi hi }{\f81 o gwbl}{\b\f81 .
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\f81 The colour didn't }{\b\f81 suit her }{\f81 at all.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Wyt ti'n meddwl bod y rhain }{\b\f81 yn gweddu i fi}{\f81 ?}{\b\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\f81 Do you think (that) these}{\b\f81  suit me}{\f81 ?
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 4.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Object pronouns}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\f81\ul When the object of a 'long' verb is a pronoun, notice the pattern in Welsh.
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab Dydy'r 'sgidie 'ma ddim }{\b\f81 yn fy ffitio i.\tab -\tab }{\f81 These shoes don't }{\b\f81 fit me.
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\f81 Dydy'r sgidie 'na ddim}{\b\f81  yn dy ffitio di.\tab }{\f81 -\tab Those shoes don't }{\b\f81 fit you.
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\f81 Dydyn nhw ddim }{\b\f81 yn ei ffitio fe / hi.}{\f81 \tab -\tab They don't }{\b\f81 fit him / her}{\f81 .
\par \tab \tab \tab Maen nw'n }{\b\f81 ein ffitio ni}{\f81 .\tab \tab \tab -\tab They }{\b\f81 fit us}{\f81 .
\par \tab \tab \tab Ydyn nhw'n }{\b\f81 eich ffitio chi}{\f81 ?\tab \tab -\tab Do they }{\b\f81 fit you}{\f81 ?
\par \tab \tab \tab Mae'n nhw'n }{\b\f81 eu ffitio nhw.\tab \tab }{\f81 -\tab They }{\b\f81 fit them}{\f81 .
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \qc\widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\b\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\b\f81\ul RHAN 3}{\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 1.\tab }{\b\f81\ul i}{\b\f81      -     }{\b\f81\ul for (a person)}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab 'Dw eisiau prynu anrheg }{\b\f81 i}{\f81  Mary.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  I want to buy a present }{\b\f81 for }{\f81 Mary. 
\par \tab \tab \tab    ( I want to buy Mary a present)
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Wyt ti wedi prynu rhywbeth }{\b\f81 iddi }{\f81 hi?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  Have you bought something / anything }{\b\f81 for }{\f81 her?
\par \tab \tab \tab    (Have you bought her something / anything?)
\par 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul 'am' }{\f81\ul can sometimes be used to convey }{\b\f81\ul 'for' -}{\f81\ul  when used after certain verbs
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab }{\f81\ul e.g. '}{\b\f81\ul talu am' ('to pay for), 'chwilio am' (to look for),'galw am' (to call for).
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\f81 \tab \tab }{\f81\ul But unless you know that '}{\b\f81\ul am'}{\f81\ul  must follow the verb, use }{\b\f81\ul 'i' }{\f81\ul to convey '}{\b\f81\ul for a person'.}{\f81 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440\tx900\tx1440 {\f81 \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab }{\f81\ul If you use '}{\b\f81\ul am}{\f81\ul 'instead of '}{\b\f81\ul i}{\f81\ul ' the meaning is quite different.}{\f81 
\par  
\par \tab \tab \tab Mae hwn }{\b\f81 i}{\f81  fy ngwraig}{\b\f81 .
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\f81 This is }{\b\f81 for }{\f81 my wife.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Mae hwn }{\b\f81 am}{\f81  fy ngwraig.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  This if }{\b\f81 for (i.e. in exchange for) }{\f81 my wife!!!
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Idiomau a dywediadau}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab yn werth pob ceiniog\tab \tab -\tab \tab worth every penny
\par \tab \tab \tab talu'n hallt am...\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay dearly for....
\par \tab \tab \tab talu trwy fy nhrwyn\tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through the nose  (me)
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab talu trwy dy drwyn\tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through the nose  (you)
\par \tab \tab \tab talu trwy'i drwyn\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through the nose (him)}{\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab talu trwy'i thrwyn\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through the nose (her)
\par \tab \tab \tab talu trwy'n trwynau\tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through the nose (us)
\par \tab \tab \tab talu trwy'ch trwynau\tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through nose (you)
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab talu trwy'u trwynau\tab \tab -\tab \tab to pay through the nose (them)
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-360\widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab 3.}{\b\f81\ul Diarhebion}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Nid aur yw popeth melyn.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab -  All that glisters is not gold.
\par \tab \tab \tab    ( Judge not by appearances)
\par \tab \tab \tab    
\par \tab \tab \tab Nid wrth ei big mae prynu cyffylog.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  Judge not by appearances.
\par }\pard \qc\widctlpar\tx440 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab    ( One doesn't buy a woodcock by looking at its beak)}{\f81\ul 
\par }}