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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar \f81 {\b \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\ul GWERS 30}{\b 
\par }{\b\ul 
\par 
\par CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b      }{\b\ul BASIL DAVIES
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx1440 {\b\ul 
\par NOD:}{\b         Edrych eto ar ffurf eithaf (superlative degree) yr ansoddair.} \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab {\ul Geirfa}\tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab These adjectives could describe people:
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab drygionus\tab -\tab mischievous\tab dymunol \tab -\tab pleasant   \tab \tab diog \tab \tab -\tab lazy\tab gweithgar \tab -\tab hardworking
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab diwyd\tab -\tab industrious\tab ymffrostgar \tab -\tab boastful
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab swnllyd \tab -\tab noisy\tab siaradus \tab -\tab talkative
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab gofalus \tab -\tab careful\tab diofal \tab -\tab careless\tab    
\par \tab \tab esgeulus \tab -\tab careless\tab bywiog \tab -\tab lively
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab marwaidd \tab -\tab lethargic \tab poblogaidd \tab -\tab popular
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab adnabyddus  -\tab well known\tab siriol \tab \tab -\tab cheerful\tab \tab    \tab digalon \tab -\tab downhearted\tab difrifol \tab -\tab serious
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab \tab swil \tab \tab -\tab shy\tab 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par {\b\ul RHAN 1}{\b 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab 1.\tab In previous lessons we have seen that when we want to convey {\b 'the most..../ }\tab \tab {\b the .....est'  }form of the adjective we add an ending to an adjective normally \tab \tab 
one or two syllables in length. 
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par \tab tal\tab -\tab y tal{\b af}\tab rhad\tab -\tab y rhat{\b af}
\par \tab oer\tab -\tab yr oer{\b af}\tab mawr\tab -\tab y mwy{\b af}
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab 2.\tab When the adjective is too long to accommodate an extra ending, in Welsh, 
\par             just as in English, we place '{\b mwyaf / most' }in front of the adjective. As with 
\par \tab \tab most words ending in {\b 'f'}, it is often dropped in normal speech.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600 \tab \tab \tab \tab drygionus\tab -\tab y mwya(f) drygionus
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab dymunol\tab -\tab y mwya' dymunol
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab swnllyd\tab -\tab y mwya' swnllyd 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab     
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600 \tab   \tab (i)\tab The Welsh and English adjectives will not always, of course, correspond
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600           \tab \tab  as to length and their suitability to carry an ending.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx4760 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab y {\b mwya'} troellog\tab -\tab the windi{\b est
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }y {\b mwya' }swnllyd \tab -\tab the noisiest
\par \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab y drut{\b af}\tab \tab \tab -\tab the {\b most }expensive
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab yr hardd{\b af}\tab \tab \tab -\tab the {\b most }beautiful 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab (ii)\tab {\ul The adjective can be used on its own}\tab 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Rhys ydy'{\b r mwya' drygionus }yn y teulu.
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - Rhys is {\b the most mischievous} in the family.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Nhw oedd {\b y mwya' gweithgar}. 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - They were {\b the most hardworking}.
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab (iii)\tab {\ul 0r it can be used with a noun}
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Tomos oedd y {\b bachgen} {\b mwya' siaradus} yn y dosbarth.
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - Tomos was the {\b most talkative boy }in the class.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Nhw ydy'r {\b bobl mwya' poblogaidd} yn y pentre'.
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab \tab - They are the {\b most popular} {\b people }in the village. 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 3.\tab Some adjectives  -  particularly those ending in{\b ...ol,...og,...us }and{\b ...gar}  -  will 
\par \tab \tab {\b never} take an ending, no matter how short they are.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx3600\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab \tab diog\tab -\tab y mwya' diog
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab siriol\tab -\tab y mwya' siriol
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab swil\tab -\tab y mwya' swil
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx3600\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx3600\tx4680 {\b\ul RHAN 2}
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4680 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 
\par 
\par \tab 1.\tab {\ul The following nouns are masculine
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx1440 {\ul 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880 \tab llyn\tab \tab -\tab lake\tab \tab \tab      cwm/dyffryn  -\tab      valley\tab 
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab t\'f9r\tab    \tab -\tab tower\tab \tab \tab      capel\tab        -\tab      chapel
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab \tab t\'df\tab    \tab -\tab house\tab \tab      mynydd\tab        -\tab      mountain
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440 \tab bryn\tab    \tab -\tab hill\tab \tab \tab      cae\tab        -\tab      field
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160 \tab pentref  \tab -\tab village\tab \tab      rhanbarth        -\tab      region
\par \tab llwybr\tab -\tab footpath\tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab     
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab \tab {\ul These adjectives describe the features of the world around us}
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560 \tab gwastad \tab -\tab flat\tab mynyddig \tab -\tab mountainous    \tab 
\par \pard \ri-1160\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560 \tab coediog \tab -\tab wooded  \tab amaethyddol-\tab agricultural
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560   \tab diwydiannol -\tab industrial\tab anial \tab \tab -\tab isolated\tab \tab bas \tab \tab -\tab shallow\tab troellog \tab -\tab winding\tab 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6120\tx6840\tx7560        \tab newydd \tab -\tab new \tab modern \tab -\tab modern\tab 
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx5580           \tab hanesyddol   -          historical                         dirwasgedig  -          depressed\tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440    \tab syth\tab \tab -\tab straight\tab \tab       serth\tab       -\tab       steep
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 {\b\ul 
\par }\tab Dyma'r llwybr {\b mwya' troellog.}
\par \tab - This is the {\b most winding }path.
\par 
\par \tab P'un ydy'r rhanbarth {\b mwya' coediog }yn Lloegr?{\b 
\par \tab - }Which is the {\b most wooded region }in England?
\par 
\par \tab Ble mae'r mynydd {\b mwya' serth }yn sir Benfro?
\par \tab - Where's the {\b steepest }mountain in Pembrokeshire?
\par 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par \tab Y llwybr yma ydy'r (un) {\b mwya' troellog.}
\par \tab - This path is the {\b most winding }(one).
\par 
\par \tab Yr adeilad acw ydy'r (un) {\b mwya' hanesyddol.}
\par \tab - That building (over there) is the {\b most historical}.
\par 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab \tab \tab \tab  \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab  \tab               
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 {\b\ul RHAN 3}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx5400\tx6840\tx7560 \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab 1.\tab Note that if the noun is feminine  and singular then {\b 'mwyaf' }will  undergo\tab \tab a Soft Mutation and become {\b 'fwyaf'}. 
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par \tab yr ardal {\b f}wyaf coediog\tab \tab -\tab the most wooded area
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx1440 \tab y sir {\b f}wyaf dirwasgedig\tab \tab -\tab the most depressed county
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 \tab y wlad {\b f}wyaf gwastad\tab \tab -\tab the flattest country
\par \pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx1440 \tab yr eglwys {\b f}wyaf hanesyddol \tab -\tab the most historical church.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 \tab y neuadd {\b f}wyaf newydd\tab \tab -\tab the newest hall
\par \tab yr afon {\b f}wyaf bas\tab \tab \tab -\tab the shallowest river
\par \tab y nant {\b f}wyaf syth\tab \tab \tab -\tab the straightest stream
\par \tab yr heol {\b f}wyaf serth\tab \tab \tab -\tab the steepest road
\par \tab y ffordd {\b f}wyaf troellog\tab \tab -\tab the windiest road
\par \tab y l\'99n {\b f}wyaf troellog\tab \tab -\tab the windiest lane
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab Ble mae'r ardal {\b f}wya' coediog yng Nghymru?
\par \tab \tab - Where is the most wooded area in Wales?
\par 
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx1440 \tab \tab Wyt ti wedi gweld yr eglwys {\b f}wya' hanesyddol yn Ffrainc?
\par \tab \tab - Have you seen the most historical church in France?
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab  2.\tab The mutation is used even if there is no noun next to 'mwyaf' -  so long as it
\par \tab \tab refers to a feminine object, of course.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mae llawer o eglwysi yng Nghymru. P'un ydy'r {\b f}wya' 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab hanesyddol?
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - There are many churches in Wales. Which is the most historical?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab O holl wledydd Ewrop - p'un ydy'r {\b f}wya' gwastad?
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - Of all the countries of Europe - which is the  flattest?
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par \tab \tab Afon Dwyryd ydy'r {\b f}wya' bas.
\par \tab \tab - River Dwyryd is the shallowest.
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-1340\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab 3.\tab {\ul The opposite of '}{\b\ul mwyaf' }{\ul (most)}{\b\ul  }{\ul is '}{\b\ul lleiaf' }{\ul (least) and we could use '}{\b\ul lleiaf' }{\ul in 
\par }\tab \tab {\ul the same way}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par 
\par \tab y sir {\b leiaf }poblog\tab \tab   -   \tab the {\b least} populated county
\par \pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx1440 \tab y dref {\b leia'} Cymreig\tab   -\tab the {\b least }Welsh town (i.e. Welsh in \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab character)
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par \pard \ri-900\widctlpar\tx1440 \tab y rhanbarth {\b lleiaf }Cymraeg  -  \tab the {\b least} Welsh-speaking region
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 \tab y llwybr {\b lleia'} troellog\tab   -        the  least  winding path
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab 4. \tab {\b\ul Idiomau a dywediadau  }
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 \tab 
\par 
\par \tab y rhan fwyaf o....\tab \tab most .../ most of...
\par 
\par \tab y rhan fwyaf o bobl\tab most people
\par \tab y rhan fwyaf o'r amser\tab most of the time
\par \tab y rhan fwyaf o'r arian\tab most of the money
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx360\tx720\tx1440 \tab 5.\tab {\b\ul Diarhebion}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par 
\par \tab Po fwyaf fo'r brys, mwyaf y rhwystr.
\par \tab - The more the haste, the less the speed.
\par \tab Mwya'r brys, mwya'r rhwystr.
\par \tab -  More haste, less speed.
\par 
\par \tab Po fwyaf a gaffo'r Cymro, mwyaf a gais.
\par \tab - The more the Welshman gets, the more he seeks.
\par 
\par \tab Mwyaf eu s\'f9n, llestri gweigion.
\par \tab - Empty vessels make most noise.
\par 
\par \pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx1440 \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1440 
\par }