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\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar \f89 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}}{\info{\title GWERS 4 (157)}{\author Tania}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2000\mo7\dy10\hr13\min24}{\revtim\yr2000\mo7\dy10\hr13\min24}
{\version4}{\edmins0}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords775}{\nofchars4418}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820\margl1440\margr1080 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0\fracwidth \fet0
\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}
{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar \f89 {\f81 \tab \tab \tab              \tab }{\b\f81\ul GWERS 4}{
\f81 \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul CYFLWYNYDD}{\b\f81 :   }{\b\f81\ul CENNARD DAVIES}{\f81 
\par }{\b\f81\ul 
\par NOD}{\b\f81 :        Trafod y teulu ac aelodau'r teulu eto.}{\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-620\widctlpar {\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81        }{\b\f81\ul Geirfa}{\f81\ul 
\par    
\par }\pard \ri-620\widctlpar\tx440\tx720\tx2780\tx3060\tx5480\tx7560\tx7820 {\f81 \tab \tab rhieni\tab -\tab parents\tab tad(au)\tab -\tab father(s)
\par }\pard \ri-620\widctlpar\tx720\tx2780\tx3060\tx5480\tx7560\tx7820 {\f81 \tab mam(au) (b)\tab -\tab mother(s)\tab mab\tab -\tab son
\par \tab merch(ed) (b)\tab -\tab girl(s), daughter(s)\tab meibion\tab -\tab sons
\par \tab chwaer (b)\tab -\tab sister\tab brawd\tab -\tab brother
\par \tab chwiorydd (b)\tab -\tab sisters\tab brodyr\tab -\tab brothers
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx720\tx2780\tx3060\tx5480\tx7560\tx7820 {\f81 \tab cyfnither(od) (b)\tab -\tab female cousins(s)\tab cefnder(wyr)\tab -\tab male cousin(s)\tab modryb(edd) (b)\tab -\tab aunt\tab ewythr(od)\tab -\tab uncle(s)
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx720\tx2780\tx3060\tx5480\tx7560\tx7820 {\f81 \tab mam-gu\tab -\tab grandmother\tab tad-cu\tab -\tab grandfather
\par \tab nain GC\tab -\tab grandmother\tab taid GC\tab -\tab grandfather
\par \tab hen fam-gu/nain\tab -\tab great grandmother\tab hen dad-cu/daid\tab -\tab great grandfather
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx720\tx2780\tx3060\tx5480\tx7560\tx7820 {\f81 \tab wyres(au)\tab -\tab grandaughter(s)\tab \'f9yr(ion)\tab -\tab grandson(s)\tab \tab nith(od)\tab -\tab niece(s)\tab nai (neiaint)\tab -\tab nephew(s)\tab \tab wyrion\tab -\tab 
grandchildren\tab \'f9yr(wyrion)\tab -\tab grandson(s)
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx720\tx2780\tx3060\tx5480\tx7560\tx7820 {\f81 \tab tylwyth\tab -\tab family, clan\tab wyrion\tab -\tab grandchildren
\par \tab 
\par \tab yng nghyfraith\tab -\tab in law\tab doniol\tab -\tab amusing
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81\ul 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul RHAN 1}{\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx440\tx720\tx1340\tx1980 {\f81 \tab 1.   }{\b\f81\ul Sawl?}{\b\f81  }{\f81 \tab }{\b\f81  -\tab }{\b\f81\ul How many}{\b\f81 ?}{\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx440\tx1080 {\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81                       }{\f81\ul Always followed by the }{\b\f81\ul singular}{\f81\ul  form of the noun}{\f81 .
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Sawl brawd }{\f81 sy' ganddi hi ('da hi)?
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How many brothers }{\f81 has she got?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Sawl chwaer}{\f81  sy' 'da chi (gynnoch chi)?  -  Does dim un chwaer 'da fi.
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How many sisters }{\f81 do you have?  -  I don't have one sister.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Sawl \'f9yr }{\f81 oedd 'da Tom (gan Tom)?
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How many grandsons }{\f81 did Tom have?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Sawl cyfnither }{\f81 oedd 'da hi (ganddi hi)?
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How many (female) cousins }{\f81 did she have?
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab   \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-980\widctlpar {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81         2.   }{\b\f81\ul Faint o...?}{\b\f81 \tab    -\tab }{\b\f81\ul How many?  or  How much?}{\f81\ul 
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab 
\par \tab             }{\f81\ul When followed by the }{\b\f81\ul plural}{\f81\ul  form of the noun it means }{\b\f81\ul 'How many?'
\par 
\par }{\b\f81 \tab \tab \tab Faint o blant }{\f81 sy' 'da ti (gynnot ti)?
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How many children }{\f81 do you have?
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint o wyrion }{\f81 oedd 'da Tom (gan Tom)?
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How many grandsons }{\f81 did Tom have?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab }{\f81\ul When followed by the }{\b\f81\ul singular }{\f81\ul form of the noun it means }{\b\f81\ul 'How much?'
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint o fara }{\f81 oedd 'da ti (gynnot ti)?
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f81 How much bread }{\f81 did you have?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faint o siwgr }{\f81 wyt ti (ei) eisiau?
\par }{\b\f81 \tab \tab \tab - How much sugar }{\f81 do you want?
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx5120 {\f81 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81        3.   }{\b\f81\ul Dysgwch:}{\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx6020 {\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81                                       gen i            \tab gynnon ni
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81 \tab gen ti  \tab gynnoch chi
\par \tab gan Tom / Mair\tab ganddyn nhw
\par \tab ganddo fo/fe\tab 
\par \tab ganddi hi  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul RHAN 2
\par }{\f81 
\par 
\par         1.  }{\f81\ul  }{\b\f81\ul Notice how all the following are followed by 'o' and a plural noun}{\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5120 {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx4940 {\f81 \tab llawer o\tab   -\tab \tab many / a lot of
\par \tab nifer (fawr) o\tab   -\tab \tab a (large) number of
\par \tab ychydig o\tab   -\tab \tab a little / a few
\par \tab ychydig iawn o\tab   -\tab \tab very little / very few
\par \tab un neu ddau /ddwy o\tab \tab -  \tab \tab one or two
\par }\pard \qc\ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx4940 {\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx4940 {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx4940 {\f81          2.   }{\b\f81\ul cyfarwydd \'89}{\f81               -              }{\b\f81\ul familiar with / acquainted with 
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab Ydych chi'}{\b\f81 n}{\f81  }{\b\f81 gyfarwydd \'89 }{\f81 mab Tom?
\par \tab -  Are you acquainted withTom's son?
\par 
\par \tab Ydy Gareth }{\b\f81 yn}{\f81  }{\b\f81 gyfarwydd \'89 }{\f81 Llundain?
\par \tab -  Is Gareth }{\b\f81 familiar with }{\f81 London?
\par 
\par               }{\f81\ul  Remember that }{\b\f81\ul '\'89'}{\f81\ul  is followed by an Aspirate Mutation 
\par }{\f81               }{\f81\ul (expect with a person's name)}{\f81 .
\par 
\par \tab 'Dw i ddim }{\b\f81 yn}{\f81  }{\b\f81 gyfarwydd \'89 ch}{\f81 efnder Tom.
\par \tab -  I'm not }{\b\f81 familiar with }{\f81 Tom's cousin.
\par 
\par                }{\f81\ul Remember also that '}{\b\f81\ul \'89}{\f81\ul ' becomes '}{\b\f81\ul ag}{\f81\ul ' in front of a vowel.}{\f81 
\par                
\par \tab Doedd hi ddim }{\b\f81 yn}{\f81  }{\b\f81 gyfarwydd ag }{\f81 Aberd\'89r.
\par \tab -  She wasn't }{\b\f81 familiar with }{\f81 Aberdare.
\par 
\par                }{\f81\ul When used in front of a verb noun it conveys '}{\b\f81\ul used to}{\f81\ul '}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab Ydy Bob }{\b\f81 yn gyfarwydd \'89 }{\f81 cherdded?
\par \tab -  Is Tom }{\b\f81 used to / familiar with }{\f81 walking?
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\b\f81\ul 
\par 
\par 
\par RHAN 3
\par 
\par }{\f81 
\par        1.    }{\b\f81\ul yn \'99l}{\f81       -        }{\b\f81\ul according to}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab Yr Efengyl }{\b\f81 yn \'99l }{\f81 Matthew.
\par \tab -  The Gospel }{\b\f81 according to}{\f81  Matthew.
\par \tab }{\b\f81 Yn \'99l}{\f81  y Western Mail.....
\par \tab -  }{\b\f81 According to }{\f81 the Western Mail.....
\par \tab }{\b\f81 Yn \'99l }{\f81 y newyddion heddiw.......
\par \tab -  }{\b\f81 According to}{\f81 the news today......
\par \tab }{\b\f81 Yn \'99l }{\f81 brawd Ann......
\par \tab -  }{\b\f81 According to}{\f81  Ann's brother.....
\par \tab }{\b\f81 Yn \'99l}{\f81  mab y dyn drws nesa'.....
\par \tab -  }{\b\f81 According to }{\f81 the son of the man next door....
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab  
\par }\pard \qc\ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81       2.     }{\b\f81\ul newydd}{\f81       -       }{\b\f81\ul just / recently}{\f81 
\par 
\par                        'newydd'}{\b\f81  takes the place of }{\f81 'wedi'  in past tense sentences and it is }{\b\f81 never
\par                      }{\f81    possible to say '}{\b\f81 newydd wedi'}{\f81 
\par                         
\par \tab Maen nhw }{\b\f81 wedi }{\f81 mynd.      -    They have gone.
\par \tab Maen nhw }{\b\f81 newydd }{\f81 fynd.  -     They have}{\b\f81  just}{\f81  gone.
\par \tab 
\par 
\par                          }{\f81\ul It causes a Soft Mutation.
\par }{\f81 
\par \tab Mae'r tr\'90n newydd }{\b\f81 dd}{\f81 od.
\par \tab 'Dw i newydd }{\b\f81 b}{\f81 rynu ffrog newydd.
\par \tab Rydyn ni newydd }{\b\f81 w}{\f81 erthu'r t\'df.
\par \tab Mae e newydd }{\b\f81 b}{\f81 riodi.
\par \tab Mae hi newydd }{\b\f81 f}{\f81 arw.
\par }{\b\f81 
\par }{\f81 
\par         3.     }{\b\f81\ul unig}{\f81         -         }{\b\f81\ul only / lonely
\par 
\par }{\f81                          }{\f81\ul When }{\b\f81\ul 'unig'}{\f81\ul  precedes a noun, it means '}{\b\f81\ul only'}{\f81 
\par 
\par                           }{\f81\ul It causes a Soft Mutation.}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab Mae Jack yn }{\b\f81 unig blentyn.
\par \tab -  }{\f81 Jack's an }{\b\f81 only child.
\par \tab }{\f81  Rwyt ti'n }{\b\f81 unig blentyn.}{\f81 
\par \tab -  You're an }{\b\f81 only child.}{\f81 
\par \tab Mae hi'n }{\b\f81 unig ferch.
\par }{\f81 \tab -  She's an }{\b\f81 only daughter.}{\f81 
\par \tab Yr }{\b\f81 unig reswm}{\f81  'dw i yma ydy i siarad Cymraeg.
\par \tab -  The }{\b\f81 only reason}{\f81  I'm here is to speak Welsh.
\par \tab Dyna'r }{\b\f81 unig ateb}{\f81  i'r broblem.
\par \tab -  That's the }{\b\f81 only answer }{\f81 to the problem.
\par \tab Ni ydy'r }{\b\f81 unig rai}{\f81  sy'n dysgu Rwsieg.
\par \tab -  We are the }{\b\f81 only ones}{\f81  who are learning Russian.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx4320\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81                            }{\f81\ul When }{\b\f81\ul 'unig' }{\f81\ul follows the noun it means '}{\b\f81\ul lonely'}{\b\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\b\f81 
\par \tab }{\f81 Mae e'n byw mewn t\'df }{\b\f81 unig}{\f81 .
\par \tab -  He lives in a }{\b\f81 lonely}{\f81  house.
\par \tab Roedd e'n fachgen }{\b\f81 unig.
\par \tab -  }{\f81 He was a }{\b\f81 lonely}{\f81  boy.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx4580\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81                            }{\f81\ul  Notice the difference in the use of }{\b\f81\ul 'unig' }{\f81\ul in this sentence:
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx2340\tx5040\tx6020 {\f81 \tab Er ei fod e/o'n }{\b\f81 unig }{\f81 blentyn, doedd e/o ddim yn blentyn }{\b\f81 unig}{\f81 .
\par \tab -  Although he was an }{\b\f81 only }{\f81 child, he wasn't a }{\b\f81 lonely }{\f81 child.
\par 
\par 
\par          4.     }{\b\f81\ul Idiomau a dywediadau}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab gwaetha'r modd\tab -\tab worse luck
\par \tab erbyn hyn\tab -\tab by now
\par \tab sefyll arholiad\tab -\tab to sit an examination
\par 
\par       
\par          5.     }{\b\f81\ul Diarhebion
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab Yr hen a \'f9yr a'r ifanc a dybia.
\par \tab -  The old know and the young think (they know)
\par 
\par \tab Mam esgud a wna ferch ddiog.
\par \tab -  A quick (efficient) mother makes a lazy daughter.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-620\widctlpar {\f81 
\par }}