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\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar \f8 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}}{\info{\title wythnos 138 (9)}{\author Ruth}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2000\mo7\dy10\hr13\min29}
{\revtim\yr2000\mo7\dy10\hr13\min33}{\version3}{\edmins3}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords912}{\nofchars5200}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820 
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\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ri-720\widctlpar \f8 {\b\f81 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab      }{\b\f81\ul GWERS 9}{\b\f81 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b\f81    }{\b\f81\ul BASIL DAVIES}{\b\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul NOD}{\b\f81 :    Mynegi dymuniad  -  expressing a wish
\par 
\par }{\f81 
\par \tab }{\b\f81\ul Geirfa}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab gwario\tab \tab \tab -\tab to spend (money)\tab \tab cynilo\tab \tab \tab -\tab to save
\par \tab \tab hala (DC)\tab \tab - \tab to spend\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab buddsoddi\tab \tab -\tab to invest
\par \tab \tab fforddio\tab \tab \tab -\tab to afford\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab gwastraffu\tab \tab -\tab to waste
\par \tab \tab ennill\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab to win\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab breuddwydio\tab -\tab to dream
\par \tab \tab mentro\tab \tab \tab -\tab to venture, dare
\par 
\par \tab \tab arian\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab money\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab pres (GC)\tab \tab -\tab money
\par \tab \tab mordaith (b)\tab \tab -\tab sea voyage, cruise\tab \tab cyngor\tab \tab \tab -\tab advice
\par \tab \tab peth\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab some\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab byd\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab world
\par \tab \tab diwylliant\tab \tab -\tab culture\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab diwydiant\tab \tab -\tab industry
\par 
\par \tab \tab i gyd\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab all\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab o gwmpas\tab \tab -\tab around
\par \tab \tab yn bendant\tab \tab -\tab definitely
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul RHAN 1
\par 
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab 1.\tab \tab Fe/Mi faswn i\tab \tab -\tab I would\tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi faset ti\tab \tab -\tab You would\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi fasech chi\tab -\tab You would\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Fasech chi? /  Faset ti?}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul Would you?
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Faset ti}{\f81 'n cynilo'r arian?  -  Baswn.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 Would you }{\f81 save the money?  -  Yes (I would).
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fasech chi'}{\f81 n gwario, gwario, gwario?  -  Na faswn.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 Would you }{\f81 send, spend, spend?  -  No (I wouldn't).
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 3.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Fe/ Mi faswn i}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab \tab }{\b\f81\ul I would}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fe / Mi faswn i}{\f81 'n buddsoddi'r arian.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 I would }{\f81 invest the money.
\par }\pard \qc\ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 4.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Beth fasech chi'n ei wneud?}{\b\f81 \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul What would you do?
\par }{\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab Notice that the verb noun at the end of a }{\b\f81 Beth}{\f81 ? question is preceded by }{\b\f81 'ei'}{\f81 .
\par \tab \tab It is not normally heard in ordinary speech, but the Soft Mutation it causes
\par \tab \tab is heard of course.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab gwneud\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 Beth}{\f81  fasech chi'n (}{\b\f81 ei)_}{\f81 wneud?
\par \tab \tab \tab prynu\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 Beth}{\f81  faset ti'n (}{\b\f81 ei) b}{\f81 rynu?
\par \tab \tab \tab mwynhau\tab -\tab }{\b\f81 Beth}{\f81  fasai Ann yn (}{\b\f81 ei) f}{\f81 wynhau?
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab Beth }{\f81 yn China faset ti'n hoffi (}{\b\f81 ei}{\f81 ) weld?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  What in China would you like to see?}{\b\f81 
\par }{\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab As a matter of interest, the same rule applies to questions which begin with \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Pwy?  Pa fath o?  Sawl?  Faint o?}{\f81   - words or phrases which refer to an object.
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Pwy}{\f81  faset ti'n (}{\b\f81 ei) b}{\f81 riodi?  (refers to a male)
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Pwy}{\f81  faset ti'n }{\b\f81 (ei}{\f81 )}{\b\f81  ph}{\f81 riodi?  (refers to a female)
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Pa fath o}{\f81  gar fasai hi'n (}{\b\f81 ei) b}{\f81 rynu?
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Sawl}{\f81  llyfr fasech chi'n (}{\b\f81 eu}{\f81 ) prynu?
\par \tab \tab \tab ('eu' - because it refers to the plural)
\par }{\b\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 5.\tab \tab (pe) taswn i \tab \tab -\tab if I were to\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab (pe) taset ti\tab \tab -\tab if you were to\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab (pe) tasech chi\tab -\tab if you were to
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Beth faset ti'n ei wneud '}{\b\f81 taset ti}{\f81 'n ennill y p\'f9ls?
\par \tab \tab \tab - What would you do }{\b\f81 if you were to}{\f81  win the pools?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe faswn i'n prynu car newydd. 
\par \tab \tab \tab - I'd buy a new car.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 6.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Fe/Mi fasai'n.....}{\b\f81 \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul It would be.....}{\b\f81 
\par }{\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fe fasai'}{\f81 n neis i ennill y p\'f9ls.
\par \tab \tab \tab - I}{\b\f81 t would be}{\f81  nice to win the pools.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fe fasai'}{\f81 n hyfryd i fynd o gwmpas y byd.
\par \tab \tab \tab - I}{\b\f81 t would be}{\f81  lovely to go around the world.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 7.\tab }{\b\f81\ul achos}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab   }{\b\f81\ul because}{\f81 \tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Pam faset ti'n hoffi gweld Jamaica?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  Why would you like to see Jamaica?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Achos }{\f81 mae fy nhad yn byw yno nawr.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 Because }{\f81 my father lives there now.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 8.\tab \tab wrth fy modd\tab - \tab in my element / thrilled\tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab wrth dy fodd\tab -\tab in your element / thrilled\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab wrth ei fodd\tab \tab -\tab in his element / thrilled\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\tab wrth ei bodd\tab -\tab in her element / thrilled
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe faswn i }{\b\f81 wrth fy modd }{\f81 taset ti'n ennill y Loteri.}{\b\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\f81 -  I would be }{\b\f81 in my element (thrilled) }{\f81 if you were to win the Lottery.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul RHAN 2
\par 
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab 1.\tab \tab Fe/Mi fasai e/o\tab \tab -\tab he would\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi fasai hi\tab \tab -\tab she would
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi fasen ni\tab \tab -\tab we would\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi fasen nhw\tab -\tab they would\tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Beth }{\b\f81 fasai}{\f81  Frank yn hofi (ei) weld?
\par \tab \tab \tab -  What }{\b\f81 would }{\f81 Frank like to see?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fe fasai e/o}{\f81 'n hoffi gweld Siapan.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 He would like to }{\f81 see Japan.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fasai e/o}{\f81 'n hoffi mynd i China   -    Basai? Na fasai.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 Would he }{\f81 like to go to China?   -   Yes / No.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 Fasai}{\f81 'r plant yn hoffi mynd i DisneyWorld?   -   Basen / Na fasen.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  }{\b\f81 Would }{\f81 the children like to go to DisneyWorld?   -   Yes / No.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 2.\tab \tab (pe) tasai e/o\tab \tab -\tab if he were to\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab (pe) tasai hi\tab \tab -\tab if she were to\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab (pe) tasen ni\tab \tab -\tab if we were to
\par \tab \tab \tab (pe) tasen nhw\tab -\tab if they were to\tab 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 57
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 3.\tab \tab wrth ein bodd\tab -\tab in our element / thrilled
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab wrth eich bodd\tab -\tab in your element / thrilled
\par \tab \tab \tab wrth eu bodd\tab - \tab in their element / thrilled
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f81\ul RHAN 3}{\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 1.}{\b\f81 \tab }{\b\f81\ul i gyd}{\b\f81 \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul all 
\par }{\b\f81 
\par }{\f81  \tab \tab Note that the expression for }{\b\f81\ul 'all'  }{\f81 - }{\b\f81\ul 'i gyd'}{\b\f81  }{\f81 FOLLOWS the noun in Welsh.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab y plant }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the children
\par \tab \tab \tab y bwyd }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the food
\par \tab \tab \tab y gwaith }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the work
\par \tab \tab \tab yr wyau }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the eggs
\par \tab \tab \tab y llyfr }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 \tab \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the book
\par \tab \tab \tab yr arian }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the money
\par 
\par \tab \tab Some learners are greatly tempted to follow the English pattern
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab i gyd o'r arian  -  all of the money
\par 
\par \tab \tab but this is }{\b\f81 not}{\f81  correct. The phrase }{\b\f81 'i gyd' }{\f81 always follows the noun.\tab     \tab 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab Faswn i ddim yn hala/gwario'r arian }{\b\f81 i gyd}{\f81 .
\par \tab \tab \tab - I wouldn't spend }{\b\f81 all}{\f81  the money.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 2.}{\b\f81 \tab }{\b\f81\ul peth }{\b\f81 \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul some }{\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab }{\b\f81 '}{\b\f81\ul peth'}{\f81  is used to convey }{\b\f81\ul 'some'}{\f81  when we refer to bulk or to a mass of \tab \tab \tab \tab something - material which can't be split up into individual units.
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  reis\tab \tab -\tab \tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  rice\tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  hufen i\'89\tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  icecream\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth }{\f81 tatws \tab -\tab \tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 potatoes\tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  gwaith\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 work
\par \tab \tab \tab   (mashed!)\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  amser\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  time
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth }{\f81 paent\tab -\tab \tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  paint \tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  ofn\tab \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 fear\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  papur\tab -\tab \tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 paper\tab \tab }{\b\f81 peth}{\f81  llaeth\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  milk
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi faswn i'n buddsoddi }{\b\f81 peth }{\f81 arian.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  I would invest }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 money.
\par }\pard \qc\ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 58
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 3.\tab }{\b\f81\ul peth o'r....}{\f81 \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul some of the...}{\f81 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi fasen nhw'n buddsoddi }{\b\f81 peth o'r }{\f81 arian.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  They would invest }{\b\f81 some of the }{\f81 money.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 4.\tab }{\b\f81\ul rhai}{\f81 \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul some}{\f81 \tab 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab When we refer to materials which we can divide up into individual units, the \tab \tab word we use to convey }{\b\f81 '}{\b\f81\ul some}{\b\f81 '}{\f81  is }{\b\f81 '}{\b\f81\ul rhai'}{\f81 .
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  c\'f9n\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 dogs\tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  tatws\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  potatoes\tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  papurau -\tab }{
\b\f81 some}{\f81  papers\tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai }{\f81 swyddi\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  jobs
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  lliwiau\tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  colours\tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  tudalennau\tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some}{\f81  pages\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  dynion\tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 men \tab \tab 
\tab }{\b\f81 rhai}{\f81  pobl\tab \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81 some }{\f81 people
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par 
\par \tab 5.\tab }{\b\f81\ul rhai o'r...}{\f81 \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f81\ul some of the
\par 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab \tab Fe/Mi fasai hi'n hoffi darllen }{\b\f81 rhai o'r}{\f81  papurau.
\par \tab \tab \tab -  She'd like to read }{\b\f81 some of the }{\f81 papers.\tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par \tab 6.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Idiomau a dywediadau}{\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab ar ben }{\f81\ul fy}{\f81  nigon\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab to be very comfortably off
\par \tab \tab \tab   (dy ddigon, ei ddigon, ei ddigon)
\par \tab \tab \tab   (ei digon, ein digon, eich digon)
\par \tab \tab \tab   (eu digon)
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Ar \'99l ennill y Loteri, roedden nhw }{\b\f81 ar ben eu digon.}{\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -  After winning the Lottery, they were }{\b\f81 very comfortably off.}{\f81 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab byw'n fras\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab to live well
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mae digon o bres gynnon nhw - maen nhw'n }{\b\f81 byw'n fras}{\f81 .
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -  They have plenty of money - they live well.
\par }\pard \qc\ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab 7.\tab }{\b\f81\ul Diarhebion}{\f81 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab A chwenycho'r cyfan, a gyll y cyfan.
\par \tab \tab \tab - Who covets all, loses all.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab A gadwer a geir wrth raid.
\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 \tab \tab \tab - A penny saved is a penny gained.
\par \tab \tab \tab   (What is saved is available in times of need).
\par 
\par }\pard \qc\ri-720\widctlpar {\f81 59
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\par }\pard \ri-720\widctlpar {\f81\ul 
\par }{\f81 \tab 
\par }}