{\rtf1\ansi \deff81\deflang1033{\fonttbl{\f81\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 Padarn;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar 
\f81\lang2057 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \f81\lang2057 \sbasedon0\snext15 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive\sbasedon10 page number;}}{\info{\title wythnos 13}{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}
{\creatim\yr2000\mo3\dy2\hr14\min31}{\revtim\yr2000\mo6\dy27\hr16\min8}{\printim\yr2000\mo3\dy9\hr13\min17}{\version8}{\edmins126}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords1077}{\nofchars6142}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart63\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0\fracwidth \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts63\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer \pard\plain 
\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f81\lang2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024 69}}}{\cs16 
\par }\pard \s15\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 
\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ri-800\widctlpar\tx3402 \f81\lang2057 {\b \tab }{\b\ul GWERS}{\ul  }{\b\ul 11}{\b 
\par 
\par }{\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab \tab }
\par {\b\ul\cchs256 CYFLWYNYDD}{\b\cchs256 :}{\b  }{\b\cchs256  }{\b\ul\cchs256 CENNARD DAVIES}{\ul\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar {\ul\cchs256 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900 {\b\ul\cchs256 NOD}{\b\cchs256 :\tab To talk about completed tasks especially in relation to Christmas}{\cchs256 .
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx3402 {\b\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx567 
\par {\cchs256 \tab }{\ul\cchs256 Geirfa}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5103\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab anfon\tab -\tab to send\tab postio\tab -\tab to post
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab prynu\tab -\tab to buy} \tab archebu\tab -\tab {\cchs256 to order}
\par \tab \tab {\cchs256 addurno\tab -\tab to decorate} \tab gorffen\tab {\cchs256 -\tab to finish
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab pacio\tab {\cchs256 -\tab }to pack
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab carden (f)\tab -\tab card\tab anrheg(ion)\tab -\tab present(s)
\par \tab \tab cardiau \tab -\tab cards\tab parsel(i)\tab -\tab parcel(s)}
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\cchs256 tegan(au)}\tab {\cchs256 \tab -\tab toy(s)\tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 coeden (f)\tab -\tab tree
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab t}\'fe\tab -\tab {\cchs256 house\tab \tab }
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab twrci\tab \tab -\tab turkey\tab \tab \tab {\cchs256 cyw i\'89}r{\cchs256 \tab -\tab chicken
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab }g\'f0ydd\tab \tab -\tab goose\tab \tab \tab ffowlyn {\cchs256 \tab -\tab chicken
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab llysiau\tab -\tab vegetables{\cchs256 \tab \tab }
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \tab {\cchs256 \tab eto\tab \tab \tab -\tab yet\tab \tab }\tab eleni\tab {\cchs256 -\tab this year
\par }\tab \tab ddim eto\tab \tab -\tab not yet{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6840 \tab \tab {\cchs256 i\tab }\tab -\tab to{\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab i Mary\tab }   -\tab to {\cchs256 Mary
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab i'r plant\tab }\tab -\tab to{\cchs256  the children\tab }
\par 
\par \tab \tab i\tab \tab -\tab for\tab \tab \tab i Mary\tab -\tab for Mary
\par \tab \tab i\rquote r plant\tab \tab -\tab for the children
\par 
\par 
\par {\b\ul RHAN 1}
\par 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 1. \tab}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}\tab {\ul 
When we speak of a completed action in English, the key word}{\ul\cchs256  is }{\b\ul\cchs256 'have'}{\ul\cchs256  or }\tab {\b\ul\cchs256 'has'}{\cchs256 \tab }
\par \pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\cchs256 I }{\b\cchs256 have sent}{\cchs256  cards.
\par }\tab \tab {\b\cchs256 Has}{\cchs256  he }{\b\cchs256 bought}{\cchs256  presents?
\par }\tab \tab {\cchs256 They }{\b\cchs256 haven't bought}{\cchs256  cards.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 
\par 
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\ul\cchs256 The key word in Welsh is }{\b\ul\cchs256 'wedi'}{\ul\cchs256  and this }{\b\ul\cchs256 takes the place of 'yn' ('n}{\b\cchs256 )}{\cchs256  \tab \tab }{\ul\cchs256 
which is found in Present Tense sentences.}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab 'Dw i}{\b\cchs256 'n anfon}{\cchs256 \tab \tab -\tab I}{\b\cchs256  am sending}{\b  }{\cchs256 / I send
\par \tab \tab \tab 'Dw i }{\b\cchs256 wedi}{\cchs256  }{\b\cchs256 anfon}{\cchs256 \tab -\tab I}{\b\cchs256  have sent}{\cchs256 \tab }
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx-2552\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 2.\tab {\ul The complete verb}:
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul\cchs256 
\par }{\cchs256 \tab \tab Rydw ('dw) i }{\b\cchs256 wedi}\'85{\b\cchs256 \tab }{\b \tab }{\b\cchs256 -\tab }{\cchs256 I have ............
\par \tab \tab Rwyt ti }{\b\cchs256 wedi}\'85{\cchs256 \tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab You have...........
\par \tab \tab Mae e (o)/ hi} / {\cchs256 Tom }{\b\cchs256 wedi}..\tab {\b\cchs256 -\tab }H{\cchs256 e} {\cchs256 /} {\cchs256 she }/ {\cchs256 Tom has.........
\par 
\par \tab \tab Rydyn (Ryn) ni }{\b\cchs256 wedi}\'85{\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab We have..........}
\par {\cchs256 \tab \tab Rydych (Rych) chi }{\b\cchs256 wedi}\'85\tab {\cchs256 -\tab You have.........
\par \tab \tab Maen nhw }{\b\cchs256 wedi}{\b \tab }\'85{\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab they have ............
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\ul\cchs256 So, }{\b\ul\cchs256 except for using 'wedi' instead of 'yn' }{\ul\cchs256 the pattern is exactly the }{\cchs256 \tab \tab }{\ul\cchs256 
same as that used in the Present Tense.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Maen nhw wedi prynu}{\cchs256  anrhegion.
\par \tab \tab -   }{\b\cchs256 They have bought}{\cchs256  presents.
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 'Dw i wedi anfon}{\cchs256  cardiau.
\par \tab \tab -   }{\b\cchs256 I've sent}{\cchs256  cards.
\par 
\par \tab }\tab {\b Mae Mary wedi anfon} anrheg.
\par \tab \tab - {\b\cchs256 Mary has sent}{\cchs256  a present.}
\par 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 3. \tab}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart3\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}\tab {\ul 
Note the following:
\par }\pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab Rydyn ni wedi postio cerdyn {\b i Tom}.
\par \tab \tab - We have posted Tom a card.{\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }- {\cchs256 We have posted a card }{\b\cchs256 to Tom}{\cchs256 .}
\par \tab  
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab As you can see, there are two ways of saying the same thing in English. \tab There is only one way in Welsh. In the above example, remember that it
\rquote s 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab the{\b  card }which has been posted - {\b to Tom}. In translating the first sentence,
\par \tab don\rquote t be tempted to post Tom!!
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab You have sent the children two {\cchs256 presents.}
\par \tab \tab \tab - Rwyt ti wedi anfon {\b dau} {\b anrheg} {\b i\rquote r plant}.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab We\rquote ve posted you a card.
\par \tab \tab \tab - R\rquote yn ni wedi postio carden{\b  i ti}.
\par \tab 
\par \tab (You haven\rquote t{\b  \lquote sent the children\rquote } or \lquote {\b posted you\rquote } anywhere!){\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\b\cchs256 Remember that a singu}{\b lar noun is used with numbers}{\cchs256 .
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx2340\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 4.{\cchs256 \tab }{\ul\cchs256 Again, questions are formed exactly as they are in the Present Tense, }{\cchs256 \tab \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 
except that }{\b\ul\cchs256 'wedi'}{\ul\cchs256  is used }{\b\ul\cchs256 instead of 'yn'.}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840 
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab Ydych chi\rquote {\cchs256 n prynu cardiau?\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Are you buying}{\cchs256  cards?
\par \tab \tab Ydych chi }{\b\cchs256 wedi}{\cchs256  prynu cardiau?\tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Have you bought}{\cchs256  cards?
\par 
\par \tab \tab Wyt ti}{\b\cchs256 'n }{\cchs256 anfon cardiau?\tab \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Are you sending}{\cchs256  cards?
\par \tab \tab Wyt ti}{\b\cchs256  wedi }{\cchs256  anfon cardiau?\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Have you sent}{\cchs256  cards?}
\par 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 5. \tab}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart5\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}
\tab {\ul Please note:}
\par \pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \tab As you know, the preposition \lquote {\b i}\rquote   means \lquote {\b to}\rquote . It can also convey \lquote {\b for}\rquote 
\par \tab in sentences such as:
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Ydy hi wedi prynu anr{\cchs256 heg }{\b i }Tom?
\par \tab \tab \tab - Has she bought Tom a present?
\par \tab \tab \tab - Has she bought a present {\b for} Tom?
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 6.\tab {\ul\cchs256 As in the Present Tense, the replies to an }{\b\ul\cchs256 Ydych? }{\ul\cchs256 or an }{\b\ul\cchs256 Wyt?}{
\ul\cchs256  question }{\cchs256 \tab \tab }\tab {\ul are always:}{\ul\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul 
\par }{\ul\cchs256 
\par }{\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydw}{\cchs256 \tab \tab -\tab Yes
\par }\pard \li720\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Nac ydw}{\cchs256 \tab -\tab No}
\par {\cchs256 
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydych chi wedi}{\cchs256  prynu anrheg i Bob?}  {\cchs256 \tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydw}{\b .}{\b\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\cchs256 - Have you bought a present for Bob?\tab -\tab Yes.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Wyt ti wedi}{\cchs256  anfon cardiau?\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Nac ydw}{\b .}{\b\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\cchs256 - Have you sent cards?\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab No}.{\cchs256 
\par 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 7.{\cchs256 \tab }{\ul\cchs256 Now ask an imaginary friend the followi}{\ul ng (using the familiar form).}{\cchs256 \tab \tab }\tab {
\ul\cchs256 Find out whether he/she has}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \li720\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \li720\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab 1.\tab bought a present for} Mary.
\par {\cchs256 \tab \tab 2.\tab posted a parcel
\par \tab \tab 3.\tab sent cards
\par \tab \tab 4.\tab posted a card
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab Now a{\cchs256 sk the same questions of a stranger.
\par }\pard \li720\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par 
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\b\ul RHAN 2}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 1.\tab {\ul N}{\ul\cchs256 egative statements}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\cchs256 Again the verb form is the same as that in the Present Tense - except \tab \tab that we use }{\b\cchs256 'wedi' }{\cchs256 
instead of }{\b\cchs256 'yn'.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\b\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab (Dy)dw i ddim wedi }{\cchs256 archebu twrci eto.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\cchs256 I haven't }{\cchs256 ordered a turkey yet.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Dwyt ti ddim wedi}{\cchs256  prynu llysiau eto.
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 - You haven't }{\cchs256 bought vegetables yet.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Dydy e ddim wedi }{\cchs256 postio'r parsel.
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 - He hasn't }{\cchs256 posted the parcel.}
\par 
\par {\cchs256 \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Dydy Basil ddim wedi }{\cchs256 prynu teg}anau eleni.
\par {\cchs256 \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 - Basil hasn't }bought toys this ye{\cchs256 ar.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Dydy'r plant ddim wedi }{\cchs256 addurno'r goeden.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\cchs256 The children haven't }{\cchs256 decorated the tree.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Dydy hi ddim wedi }{\cchs256 postio'r cardiau.}{\b\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab - She hasn't }{\cchs256 posted the cards.}{\b\cchs256 
\par 
\par \tab \tab (Dy)dyn ni ddim wedi }{\cchs256 gorffen.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\cchs256 We haven't }{\cchs256 finished.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 (Dy)dych chi ddim wedi }{\cchs256 gorffen prynu cardiau.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\cchs256 You haven't }{\cchs256 finished buying cards.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 (Dy)dyn nhw ddim wedi }{\cchs256 pacio eto.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\cchs256 They haven't }{\cchs256 packed yet.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 2.\tab {\ul We\rquote ve already asked \lquote you\rquote  questions.  }{\ul\cchs256 We'll now ask questions about }\tab \tab \tab {\ul 
someone else}{\ul\cchs256 .
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840  {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-651\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 First of all - singlular}{\ul :}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }
\par {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\cchs256 Ydy Bob wedi archebu twrci?
\par \tab \tab -}{\b\cchs256  Has Bob ordered}{\cchs256  a turkey?}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy hi wedi gorffen}{\cchs256  y llysiau?
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\cchs256 Has she finished} the vegetables?
\par 
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\ul\cchs256 The replies to an }{\b\ul\cchs256 Ydy?}{\ul\cchs256  question are always}{\ul :
\par }{\ul\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul\cchs256 
\par }{\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy}\tab \tab \tab -\tab {\cchs256 Yes
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Nac ydy}{\b \tab }{\b\cchs256 \tab }-\tab {\cchs256 No}
\par {\cchs256 
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy e wedi }{\cchs256 addurno'r goeden?\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy.
\par \tab \tab }{\cchs256 - Has he decorated the tree?\tab \tab \tab -\tab Yes.}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy}{\cchs256  Mary wedi prynu'r twrci eto?\tab -\tab }{\b\cchs256 Nac ydy.
\par \tab \tab }{\cchs256 - Has Mary bought the turkey yet?\tab -\tab No
\par 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 3.\tab {\ul\cchs256 Plural}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydyn nhw }{\cchs256 wedi gorffen y cyw i\'89r?
\par \tab \tab - Have they finished the chicken?}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydyn nhw}{\b  }{\cchs256 wedi addurno eleni?
\par \tab \tab - Have they decorated this year?}
\par {\cchs256 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\ul\cchs256 The replies to an }{\b\ul\cchs256 Ydyn?  }{\ul\cchs256 question are always}{\ul 
\par }{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydyn\tab \tab -\tab }{\cchs256 Yes
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Nac ydyn}{\cchs256 \tab -\tab No}
\par 
\par \tab {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydyn nhw }{\cchs256 wedi gorffen y cyw i\'89r?}  -  {\b Ydyn.}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \li1440\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 - {\cchs256 Have they finished the chicken}?  -  {\b Yes.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\b 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\b\cchs256 Ydyn nhw }{\cchs256 wedi addurno eleni?}  -  {\b Nac ydyn.}{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab - Have they decorated this year?}  -  {\b No}.
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\ul\cchs256 Be careful with more than one name}{\ul  and with a plural noun. The verb in }\tab {\ul the question is \lquote }{\b\ul ydy}{\ul 
\rquote  but the reply must be plural.}
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy}{\cchs256  }Bill a Ben wedi prynu twrci?\tab \tab   -    {\b\cchs256 Ydyn.
\par \tab \tab }{\cchs256 - Have }Bill and {\cchs256 Ben bought a turkey?   -    Yes.
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\cchs256 Ydy}{\cchs256 'r plant wedi addurno'r  t}\'fe?\tab -   {\b\cchs256 Ydyn}{\b .}{\b\cchs256 
\par }\pard \li1440\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 - {\cchs256 Have th}e children decorated the house?   -   {\cchs256 Yes}.
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 4.{\cchs256 \tab }{\ul\cchs256 When people answer questions, they rarely give the full answer - }{\cchs256 \tab \tab \tab }\tab {
\ul\cchs256 limiting their reply to }{\b\ul\cchs256 'yes'}{\ul\cchs256  or }{\b\ul\cchs256 'no'}{\ul\cchs256  - unless supplementary information }{\cchs256 \tab \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 is absolutely necessary.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul\cchs256 
\par 
\par }{\cchs256 \tab \tab Ydych chi wedi prynu anrhegion i'r plant?
\par \tab \tab - Ydw (rydw i wedi prynu anrhegion i'r plant).}
\par {\cchs256 
\par \tab \tab Ydych chi wedi pacio?
\par \tab \tab - Nac ydyn (dydyn ni ddim wedi pacio).}
\par {\cchs256 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab {\ul\cchs256 You could of c}{\ul ourse add something appropri}{\ul\cchs256 ate:
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul\cchs256 
\par }{\cchs256 \tab \tab Ydych chi wedi pacio?
\par }\tab \tab - Nac ydyn - {\b\cchs256 ddim eto}{\cchs256 .}
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 5. \tab}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart5\pnindent283\pnhang
{\pntxta . }}\tab {\ul The questions and \lquote Yes / No\rquote  replies in full.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab \tab {\cchs256 Ydych chi wedi...........?\tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab (Nac) ydw
\par \tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Wyt ti wedi...........?\tab \tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab (Nac) ydw
\par \tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Ydy e/hi/Tom wedi.......?\tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab (Nac) ydy
\par \tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Ydy Bill a Ben wedi..........?\tab \tab -\tab (Nac) ydyn
\par \tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Ydy'r plant wedi.........?\tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab (Nac) ydyn
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab \tab \tab \tab {\cchs256 Ydyn nhw wedi..........?\tab \tab }\tab {\cchs256 -\tab (Nac) ydyn}{\ul 
\par }{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 6. \tab}}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart6\pnindent283\pnhang
{\pntxta . }}\tab {\ul\cchs256 How would you ask and answer the following}{\cchs256 ?}
\par \pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab \tab 1.\tab Has he ordered the cards?\tab \tab }   {\cchs256 -\tab No.
\par \tab \tab 2.\tab Has she finished the turkey?\tab }   {\cchs256 -\tab Yes, than}k goodness.
\par {\cchs256 \tab \tab 3.\tab Have they finished?\tab \tab \tab }   {\cchs256 -\tab Yes.
\par \tab \tab 4.\tab Has Mary bought a goose?\tab \tab }   {\cchs256 -\tab No - not yet.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 5. \tab}}\pard \fi-283\li1723\ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart5\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}\tab {
\cchs256 Have you bought presents yet?}    {\cchs256 -\tab Yes.}{\ul 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f81\lang2057 6. \tab}}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf81\pnfs24\pnstart7\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}{\ul 
Seasonal Greetings!
\par }\pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul 
\par }\pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\b Nadolig Llawen\tab \tab \tab -\tab Merry Christmas}{\ul 
\par }\pard \li285\ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5387\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab \tab {\b a\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab and
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\b 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab \tab {\b Blwyddyn Newydd Dda\tab \tab -\tab A Happy New Year
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\b 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5103\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 8.\tab {\ul\cchs256 Sgwrs - A conversation}{\cchs256 \tab }{\ul\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx1980\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\ul\cchs256 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Nigel}{\cchs256 :\tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Noswaith dda, Cennard.  Shwd wyt ti?
\par \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Cennard}{\cchs256 :}\tab {\cchs256 \tab Da iawn diolch.  A ti?
\par \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Nigel}{\cchs256 :}\tab \tab {\cchs256 \tab Iawn.  Wyt ti wedi gorffen siopa eto?
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Cennard}{\cchs256 :}\tab {\cchs256 \tab Nac ydw.  'Dw i wedi archebu twrci ond 'dw i ddim wedi \tab \tab \tab 
\tab }\tab {\cchs256 postio'r cardiau} eto.
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Nigel}{\cchs256 :}\tab \tab {\cchs256 \tab 'Dw i ddim wedi prynu anrheg i Mary ond rydyn ni wedi }\tab \tab \tab 
\tab \tab prynu {\cchs256 anrhegion i'r plant.  Wyt ti wedi prynu anrhegion }\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab {\cchs256 eto?
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Cennard}{\cchs256 :\tab }\tab {\cchs256 Ydw}.{\cchs256   'Dw i wedi prynu Hoover i Mary.
\par \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Nigel}{\cchs256 :}\tab \tab {\cchs256 \tab Hoover!  Dydy hi ddim yn hoffi gweithio yn y t}\'fe{\cchs256 .
\par \tab \tab \tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Hoover, wir!
\par \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Cennard}{\cchs256 :}\tab {\cchs256 \tab Wel, beth rwyt ti wedi (ei) brynu?
\par \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Nigel}{\cchs256 :\tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Brws!
\par \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Cennard}{\cchs256 :}\tab {\cchs256 \tab Brws - a brush}?{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Nigel}{\cchs256 :\tab }\tab \tab {\cchs256 Na!  Na!  J\'99}c!{\cchs256   'Dw i wedi prynu Chanel No 5 i Mary.} 
\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Nadolig Llawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda, Cennard.{\cchs256 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx900\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx4140\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx6480\tx6840 {\cchs256 \tab }\tab {\ul\cchs256 Cennard}{\cchs256 :\tab }\tab Nadolig Llawen a Blwy{\cchs256 ddyn Newydd Dda, Nigel.
\par 
\par }}