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\f112 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \f112 \sbasedon0\snext15 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive\sbasedon10 page number;}}{\info{\title Sgript W33}{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}
{\creatim\yr2000\mo10\dy16\hr11\min44}{\revtim\yr2000\mo12\dy18\hr16\min7}{\printim\yr2000\mo5\dy15\hr15\min35}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages10}{\nofwords1289}{\nofchars7348}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart23\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0\fracwidth \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts23\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer \pard\plain 
\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f112 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024 29}}}{\cs16 
\par }\pard \s15\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 
\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar\tx3402 \f112 {\b \tab }{\b\ul GWERS 27}{\b 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul CYFLWYNYDD}{\b :   }{\b\ul BASIL DAVIES
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-1643\widctlpar\tx1080 {\b\ul NOD}{\b :\tab Learning the Past Tense of 'cael' (to have, to receive)  -  i.e  I got / had /
\par }\tab {\b received etc.
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b 
\par }
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080 {\b \tab }{\b\ul Geirfa
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\b \tab \tab }tost\tab \tab -\tab toast\tab coffi\tab -\tab coffee
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5760\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab te\tab -\tab tea\tab cig moch\tab -\tab bacon
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab wy(au)\tab -\tab egg(s)\tab bacwn\tab -\tab bacon
\par \tab \tab sirial\tab -\tab cereal\tab m{\cchs256 \'90}l\tab -\tab honey
\par \pard \ri-651\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab sglodion\tab -\tab chips\tab \tab brechdan(au)-\tab sandwich(es)
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab pysgodyn\tab \tab -\tab fish\tab \tab pysgod\tab -\tab fish (pl)
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab ffrwyth(au)\tab -\tab fruit\tab caws\tab \tab -\tab cheese
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3420\tx3686\tx5040\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab teisen  f\tab -\tab \tab cake \tab  teisennau \tab -\tab cakes
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3420\tx3686\tx5103\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab cacen(nau)  f\tab -\tab \tab cake\tab teisennod \tab -\tab cakes
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2880\tx2977\tx3420\tx3686\tx3960\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab llysiau\tab \tab -\tab \tab vegetables \tab cig \tab -\tab meat
\par \pard \ri-261\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5400\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab cawl\tab -\tab soup, broth
\par \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5400\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab gwobr f\tab -\tab prize\tab plant\tab -\tab \tab children
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5400\tx6521\tx6660\tx7088 \tab \tab swyddfa  f\tab \tab -\tab office\tab amser\tab -\tab \tab time
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2977\tx3686\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab amser te\tab \tab -\tab tea time
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2977\tx3686\tx3960\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab achos\tab \tab -\tab because\tab digon\tab -\tab enough
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab chwaith\tab \tab -\tab either\tab hefyd\tab \tab -\tab too, also
\par \tab \tab o gwbl\tab -\tab \tab at all \tab fel ti\tab \tab -\tab like you
\par \pard \ri-367\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab cyn\tab \tab - \tab before\tab heb laeth\tab -\tab without milk
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5940\tx6521\tx7088 \tab \tab tua\tab \tab -\tab about \tab yn fawr iawn-\tab very much
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 \tab \tab cwpanaid o de\tab \tab \tab -\tab a cup of tea (N.W.)
\par \tab \tab 'paned \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab a 'cuppa' (colloquial)
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 \tab \tab dysglaid o de\tab \tab \tab -\tab a cup of tea (S.W.)
\par \tab \tab dishgled \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab a 'cuppa' (colloquial)\tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 {\b 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par {\b\ul RHAN 1}
\par 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f112 1. \tab}\pard \fi-283\li568\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf112\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}\tab {\ul 
Note the two meanings of the preposition }{\b\ul 'i'}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 \tab \tab {\ul \lquote }{\b\ul i}{\ul \rquote  is always followed by a Soft Mutation}{\b\ul 
\par }
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 \tab    (a)\tab {\b\ul to}{\b 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 {\b 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5040\tx5940 \tab \tab \tab {\b i F}angor\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab {\b to }Bangor
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b i G}oleg y Barri\tab \tab -\tab {\b to }Barry College
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5760\tx5940 \tab (b)\tab {\b\ul for}  (a meal)
\par \pard \li1080\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5760\tx5940 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx2694\tx2977\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab i {\b f}recwast\tab \tab -\tab for breakfast
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx3969\tx4500 \tab \tab \tab i {\b g}inio\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab for lunch
\par \tab \tab \tab i {\b g}inio nos\tab \tab -\tab \tab for dinner
\par \tab \tab \tab i {\b d}e\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab for tea
\par \tab \tab \tab i swper\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab for supper
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-367\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab 2.\tab (a)\tab {\b\ul Fe / Mi ges       -       I had (got / received)}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab {\b Fe ges i} {\b g}ig moch i frecwast.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I had} bacon for breakfast.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Mi ges i d}ost i frecwast heddiw.
\par \pard \li1695\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 - {\b I had} toast for breakfast today.
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab {\b Fe ges i g}offi i frecwast ddoe.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I had} coffee for breakfast yesterday.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Mi ges i f}{\cchs256 \'90}l i frecwast y bore 'ma.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I had} honey for breakfast this morning.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab {\ul Note carefully how the object (which answers the question }\tab \tab \tab {\ul What?  after the verb) undergoes a Soft Mutation.}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab {\ul Notice the similarity to the Past Tense of }{\b\ul 'mynd'}{\ul  (to go)
\par }\pard \qr\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par 
\par Fe/Mi{\b  es} i\tab -\tab \tab I went\tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f112 (b) \tab}\pard \fi-283\li988\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pnlcltr\pnb0\pni0\pnf112\pnfs24\pnstart2\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta ) }}\tab {\b\ul 
Ches i ddim       -       I didn't have  (get / receive)}
\par \pard \li705\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab {\ul There is a change of mutation in the negative forms.  Just learn }\tab \tab \tab {\ul them parrot fashion for the time being.
\par }
\par \pard \li540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab {\b Ches i ddim} brecwast y bore \lquote ma.\tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab - {\b I didn't have} breakfast this morning.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Ches i ddim} tost.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I didn't have} (any) toast.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Ches i ddim} te.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I didn't have} (any) tea.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Ches i ddim} sirial chwaith.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I didn't have} (any) cereal either.
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab {\ul You'll notice that the object does NOT mutate after the negative }\tab \tab {\ul verb (because the mutation appears on '}{\b\ul dd}{\ul im')}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab {\ul Notice also that there is no need to translate the word }{\b\ul 'any'}{\ul  into Welsh.}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab 3.\tab (a)\tab {\b\ul Fe / Mi gest ti      -      You had (got / received)}{\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 {\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Fe ges i} {\b d}ost i frecwast ond {\b fe gest ti g}ig moch ac wy.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b I had} toast for breakfast but{\b  you had} bacon and egg.{\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 {\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 {\b \tab \tab \tab Mi gest ti} sirial ond{\b  ches i ddim} sirial.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b You had} cereal but{\b  I didn't have} cereal.
\par {\ul 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx1276\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab (b)\tab {\b\ul Gest ti?\tab    -       Did you have (get / receive)?}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab {\b Gest ti} {\b d}ost?\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did you have} toast?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Gest ti} {\b g}offi i frecwast?\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did you have} coffee for breakfast?
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab {\ul Notice the Soft Mutation in the object again}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab (c){\b  \tab }{\b\ul Yes and No replies}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab {\b\ul As with all Did? questions the replies are}{\ul :}
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Do}\tab -\tab Yes
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Naddo}\tab -\tab No
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 {\b \tab \tab \tab Gest ti} {\b g}offi i frecwast?  -  {\b Naddo}, fe ges i de.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did you have} coffee for breakfast?  -  {\b No}, I had tea.{\b 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Gest ti} {\b d}ost?  - {\b  Do.}\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did you have} toast?  -  {\b Yes.}
\par 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab (ch)\tab {\b\ul Chest ti ddim      -      You didn't have  (get / receive)}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab {\ul Remember the Aspirate Mutation in the negative form
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b \tab \tab \tab Ch}est ti ddim
\par {\ul 
\par }
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab Fe ges i{\b  }frecwast ond {\b chest ti ddim} brecwast.
\par \tab \tab \tab - I had breakfast but {\b you didn't have }breakfast.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab {\b Chest ti ddim }cinio ddoe.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1701\tx2340\tx2520\tx3960\tx5040\tx5760 \tab \tab \tab - {\b You didn\rquote t have (any) lunch yesterday.}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx4500 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx4500 {\b 
\par }\pard \ri-792\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx4500 \tab 4.{\b \tab }(a){\b \tab }{\b\ul Fe/Mi gafodd Mair / Gareth\tab -\tab Mair / Gareth had (got / received)}
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b\ul Fe/Mi gafodd e (o) / hi\tab -\tab He / She had}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 
\par \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1276\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab (i)\tab \tab \tab {\b Fe gafodd Gareth} {\b b}ysgodyn i ginio nos.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab -{\b  Gareth had} fish for dinner.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab {\b Mi gafodd e (o) f}rechdanau i ginio.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b He had} sandwiches for lunch.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab {\ul Once again notice the mutation in the object.}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab (ii){\scaps \tab }{\ul You'll recall that in Welsh we use the 3rd person singular form of }\tab \tab {\ul the verb even though the subject is plural.
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\ul 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab Fe {\b gafodd} {\b Gareth a Mair} ffrwythau i ginio.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Gareth and Mair} had fruit for lunch.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Mi {\b gafodd} {\b y plant} sglodion i ginio.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b The children} had chips for lunch.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\b 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-1501\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\b \tab }(b){\b \tab }{\b\ul Gafodd Mair / hi / e (o) / y plant?\tab -\tab Did Mair / she / he / the children}{\b 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\b \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab     }{\b\ul have  (get / receive}{\b )?
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\b \tab \tab Gafodd y plant} sglodion i ginio?  {\b Do.}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did the children have} chips for lunch?  -  {\b Yes}.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Gafodd e} {\b f}rechdanau i ginio?  -  {\b Naddo}, mi gafodd o {\b g}awl.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did he have} sandwiches for lunch?  -  {\b No}, he had soup.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab (c)\tab {\b\ul Chafodd Mair ddim\tab -\tab Mair didn't have}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab {\b\ul Chafodd y plant ddim\tab -\tab The children didn't get}
\par \tab \tab {\b\ul Chafodd e (o) / hi ddim\tab -\tab He / She didn't receive}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab {\b Chafodd Mair ddim} brechdanau.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Mair didn't have} (any) sandwiches.
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab {\b Chafodd y plant ddim} cinio o gwbl.
\par \tab \tab - {\b The children didn't have} (any) lunch at all.{\scaps\ul 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\scaps\ul 
\par }
\par {\b\ul 
\par RHAN 2}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab 1.\tab (a)\tab {\b\ul Fe / Mi gawson ni       -       We had (got / received)
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 {\b\ul 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab {\b Fe gawson ni g}wpanaid ('{\b b}aned) o de a brechdanau.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab - {\b We had} a cup of tea and sandwiches.
\par {\b\ul 
\par }\tab \tab \tab {\b Mi gawson ni d}eisen i de.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b We had }cake for tea.
\par {\b\ul 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx1701\tx2700\tx3060\tx4680 \tab (b)\tab {\b\ul Gawson ni?\tab \tab -       Did we have  (get / receive)?
\par }\pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 {\b \tab \tab 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab {\b Gawson ni}'r wobr?  -  {\b Do.}
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did we have} the prize?  -  {\b Yes.}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \tab \tab          {\b  Gawson ni}\rquote r ateb cywir?  -  {\b Naddo}.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab - {\b Did we have }the right answer?  -  {\b No.}
\par {\b 
\par 
\par }\pard \li540\ri-260\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 {\b \tab }(c){\b \tab }{\b\ul Chawson ni ddim\tab -\tab We didn't have  (get / receive)}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab {\b \tab \tab Chawson ni ddim} brecwast heddiw.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab - {\b We didn't have} breakfast today.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Chawson ni ddim }amser.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b We didn\rquote t have }time. 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 2.\tab (a)\tab {\b\ul Fe / Mi gawsoch chi       -      You had (got / received)}{\ul 
\par }
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab {\b Fe gawsoch chi g}ig i swper.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b You had} meat for supper.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab (b)\tab {\b\ul Chawsoch chi ddim       -       You didn't have  (receive / get)}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab {\b Chawsoch chi ddim} swper achos roeddech chi'n hwyr.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b You didn't have} (any) supper because you were late.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab (c) \tab {\b\ul Gawsoch chi?\tab      -      Did you have  (receive / get)?}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab Mr Jones, {\b gawsoch chi g}awl i swper? -  {\b Naddo,} salad{\b .}
\par \tab \tab - Mr Jones, {\b did you have} broth for supper? - {\b No, }salad.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab {\b Gawsoch chi} {\b dd}igon?  -  {\b Do}, diolch..
\par \tab \tab \tab - Did you have enough?  -  {\b Yes}, thanks.
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \tab \tab {\ul Notice the mutation in the word '}{\b\ul plant}{\ul ' when they are addressed }\tab \tab {\ul directly as in the following question.}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx540\tx709\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400 \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 {\b \tab \tab \tab B}lant, gawsoch chi ddigon?  
\par \tab \tab \tab - Children, did you have enough?  
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400 \tab 3.\tab (a)\tab {\b\ul Fe/Mi gawson nhw\tab      -\tab     They had  (got / received)}
\par \pard \qr\ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab {\ul You will notice that the }{\b\ul 'we'}{\ul  and the }{\b\ul 'they'}{\ul  ending is the same}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab {\b Mi gawson nhw d}eisen.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b They had} (some) cake.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 \tab (b)\tab {\b\ul Chawson nhw ddim      -      They didn't  (get / receive)}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab {\b Chawson nhw ddim} dishgled o de amser te.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b They didn't have} a cup of tea (at) tea time.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab (c)\tab {\b\ul Gawson nhw?    \tab -\tab Did they have  (receive / get)?}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab \tab {\b Gawson nhw} {\b d}e?  -  {\b Do.}
\par \tab \tab \tab -{\b  Did they have} tea?  -  {\b Yes}.
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3420\tx4040\tx5220\tx5400 \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1134\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 {\b \tab }4.\tab (a)\tab {\ul We could place the word }{\b\ul Beth?}{\ul  in front of the question forms, of }\tab \tab \tab {\ul course.}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab {\b Beth} gest ti i frecwast?   
\par \tab \tab \tab  - {\b What }did you have for breakfast?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Beth} gafodd y plant i swper?
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b What }did the children have for supper?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Beth} gawsoch chi i de ddoe?
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b What} did you have for tea yesterday?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b Beth} gawson nhw i ginio yn yr ysgol heddiw?
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b What }did they have for lunch in school today?
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab (b)\tab {\ul Replies can be either positive or negative}
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab Beth gest ti i ginio heddiw?
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Fe ges i} gig a llysiau.
\par \tab \tab \tab - {\b Ches i ddim} cinio heddiw.  Roeddwn i'n rhy brysur.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1701\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 5.\tab {\b\ul Sgwrs}
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2268\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Beth gest ti i frecwast y bore 'ma?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Nigel:}\tab Fe ges i dost a marmaled.  'Dw i ddim yn hoffi cig \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab moch ac wyau i frecwast.
\par \pard \ri-260\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2268\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab {\ul Basil:}\tab Gest ti sirial?
\par \pard \ri-260\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2268\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab {\ul Nigel:}\tab Naddo, 'dw i ddim yn hoffi sirial.  Beth gest ti?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Basil:}\tab Cwpanaid o de ac, fel ti, tost, ond tost a m{\cchs256 \'90}l (honey).  \tab \tab \tab \tab Beth gafodd dy blant i frecwast?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Nigel:}\tab Maen nhw'n hoffi sirial.  Felly, fe gawson nhw sirial.  \tab \tab \tab \tab Gest ti sglodion i ginio?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Basil:}\tab Naddo.  'Dw i'n hoffi sglodion yn fawr iawn, ond fe \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab ges i frechdanau i ginio.  'Dw i'n bwyta cinio yn y \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab swyddfa.
\par \pard \ri-260\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2268\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab {\ul Nigel:}\tab Fe ges i frechdanau i ginio hefyd - brechdanau caws.  \tab \tab \tab \tab Gest ti goffi i ginio?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Basil:}\tab Do, coffi 'instant' heb laeth.  Sut rwyt ti'n hoffi coffi?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Nigel:}\tab 'Dw i'n hoffi llaeth ond dim siwgr.
\par \tab \tab {\ul Basil:}\tab Gest ti swper mawr?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Nigel:}\tab Naddo.  Ches i ddim swper achos roeddwn i'n \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab chwarae rygbi ond fe ges i ffrwythau cyn y g{\cchs256 \'90}m.  Beth \tab \tab \tab \tab gest ti i swper?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Basil:}\tab 'Dw i ddim yn cael te o gwbl ond 'dw i'n cael swper \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab tua chwech o'r gloch a neithiwr fe gawson ni gig a \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab llysiau.
\par \pard \ri-260\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab {\b 
\par }\pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400 {\b \tab \tab  }\tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 5.{\b \tab }{\ul Here are the full Past Tense forms of the verb }{\b\ul 'cael'}{\ul  (to have)
\par }\pard \ri-1359\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx540\tx851\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400\tx5940\tx6120\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab 1.\tab   Fe/Mi {\b g}es i\tab \tab \tab {\b G}es i?\tab \tab \tab {\b Ch}es i ddim
\par \pard \ri-1501\widctlpar\tx540\tx851\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400\tx5940\tx6120\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab 2.   Fe/Mi {\b g}est ti\tab \tab \tab {\b G}est ti?\tab \tab \tab {\b Ch}est ti ddim
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx851\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400\tx5940\tx6120\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 3.   Fe/Mi {\b g}afodd Tom\tab {\b G}afodd Tom?\tab {\b Ch}afodd Tom ddim
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400\tx5940\tx6120\tx6480\tx6660 \tab \tab   Fe/Mi {\b g}afodd e(o)/hi\tab {\b G}afodd e(o)/hi?\tab {\b Ch}afodd e(o)/hi ddim
\par \tab 
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx851\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400\tx5940\tx6120\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 1.   Fe/Mi {\b g}awson ni\tab {\b G}awson ni?\tab \tab {\b Ch}awson ni ddim
\par \tab 2.\tab   Fe/Mi {\b g}awsoch chi\tab {\b G}awsoch chi?\tab {\b Ch}awsoch chi ddim
\par \tab 3.\tab   Fe/Mi {\b g}awson nhw\tab {\b G}awson nhw?\tab {\b Ch}awson nhw ddim
\par \pard \ri-720\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2700\tx2880\tx3960\tx5220\tx5400\tx5940\tx6120\tx6480\tx6660 
\par \tab \tab {\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-260\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2700\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx5400\tx6480\tx6660 \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar 
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\par }