{\rtf1\ansi \deff112\deflang1033{\fonttbl{\f112\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 Padarn;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0; \red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar \f112 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \f112 \sbasedon0\snext15 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive\sbasedon10 page number;}}{\info{\title Sgript W11}{\author Âé¶¹Éç}{\operator Âé¶¹Éç} {\creatim\yr2000\mo10\dy16\hr11\min48}{\revtim\yr2000\mo12\dy18\hr16\min14}{\printim\yr2000\mo6\dy12\hr14\min53}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords951}{\nofchars5422}{\*\company Âé¶¹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart75\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0\fracwidth \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts75\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer \pard\plain \s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f112 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024 79}}}{\cs16 \par }\pard \s15\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5 \pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar\tx3402 \f112 {\b \tab }{\b\ul GWERS 34}{\b \tab \tab \tab \tab \par }\pard \widctlpar {\b \par \par }{\b\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b }{\b\ul BASIL DAVIES \par \par \par NOD}{\b :\tab Still getting to grips with the Past Tense - concentrating on the} \par \tab {\b plural forms - \lquote we\rquote , \lquote you\rquote and \lquote them\rquote .} \par \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx567\tx1276 \tab {\ul Geirfa} \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx5103\tx5760\tx6521\tx7088 \tab yfed\tab -\tab to drink \tab canu\tab \tab -\tab to sing \par \pard \ri-792\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab peintio\tab -\tab to paint\tab dysgu\tab -\tab to learn / teach\tab aros\tab -\tab to stay\tab siarad {\cchs256 \'89}\tab -\tab to talk / speak to \par \pard \ri-509\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab talu am\tab -\tab to pay for\tab newid\tab -\tab to change\tab \tab gofyn\tab -\tab to ask\tab teithio\tab -\tab to travel\tab \tab trwsio\tab -\tab to repair \par \tab \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab cyngerdd\tab -\tab concert\tab dosbarth\tab -\tab class \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab tocyn(nau)\tab -\tab ticket(s)\tab olwyn\tab -\tab wheel \par \tab tafarn\tab -\tab pub.\tab tr{\cchs256 \'90}n\tab -\tab underground\tab \tab \tab \tab danddaear train \par \tab tywydd\tab -\tab weather\tab y gegin\tab -\tab the kitchen \par \tab y lolfa\tab -\tab the lounge \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5760\tx6521\tx7088 \tab cwrw\tab -\tab beer\tab cig moch\tab -\tab bacon \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab malwod\tab -\tab snails\tab caws\tab -\tab cheese \par \tab bara\tab -\tab bread\tab bwyd\tab -\tab food \par \par \tab Rhufain\tab -\tab Rome \tab y P{\cchs256 a}b\tab -\tab the Pope \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686 \tab Efrog Newydd\tab -\tab New York \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \par \pard \ri-651\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab dros nos\tab -\tab overnight\tab y llynedd\tab -\tab last year\tab \tab yn ddiddorol\tab -\tab interesting\tab yn ddrud\tab -\tab (very) expensive \tab \tab \tab \tab (iawn) \par \tab o gwmpas\tab -\tab around \tab yn anffodus\tab -\tab unfortunately \par \tab yno\tab -\tab there \tab am dro bach\tab -\tab for a little walk \par \tab i mewn i\tab -\tab into \tab llawer o\tab -\tab a lot of \par \par \pard \ri-934\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab i frecwast\tab -\tab for breakfast\tab i ginio\tab -\tab for lunch / dinner \par \tab i de\tab -\tab for tea\tab i swper\tab -\tab for supper \par \par \pard \widctlpar \tab \par \par \par \par \pard \ri-651\widctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \par {\b\ul RHAN 1 \par \par \par }\pard \ri-651\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 \tab 1.\tab {\ul You are fully aware by now that the 2nd person plural }{\b\ul (}{\ul you) } \par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab {\ul ending in Welsh is} \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \tab {\b - och chi \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 {\b \par \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 {\b \tab }\tab gweld\tab \tab -\tab fe / mi wel{\b och }chi\tab \par \tab \tab cerdded\tab -\tab fe / mi gerdd{\b och }chi \par \tab \tab dysgu\tab \tab -\tab fe / mi ddysg{\b och }chi \par {\b \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 {\b \par \tab }\tab {\ul Let's ask a few questions using \lquote }{\b\ul Beth}{\ul ?\rquote } \par {\b \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 {\b \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab {\b bwyta}\tab -\tab Beth fwyt{\b och chi} i frecwast? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \tab \tab - What did you eat for breakfast? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab {\b darllen}\tab -\tab Beth ddarllen{\b och chi}? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \tab \tab - What did you read? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab {\b gweld}\tab -\tab Beth wel{\b och chi} ar y teledu? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \tab \tab - What did you see on television? \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab {\b prynu}\tab -\tab Beth bryn{\b och chi} yn y dref? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \tab \tab - What did you buy in town? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab {\b yfed}\tab -\tab \tab Beth yf{\b och chi}\~yn y tafarn? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2835\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab - What did you drink in the pub? \par \pard \sb240\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \tab 2.\tab {\ul Let's asume you want to give a plural }{\b\ul (we)}{\ul reply. The ending is} \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1701 \tab {\b - on ni \par }\pard \widctlpar \par \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe fwyt{\b on ni} gig moch. \par \tab - We ate bacon. \par \par \tab Mi ddarllen{\b on ni}'r Western Mail. \par \tab - We read the Western Mail. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe wel{\b on ni} Grandstand. \par \tab - We saw Grandstand. \par \tab Fe bryn{\b on ni} betrol. \par \tab - We bought petrol. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe yf{\b on ni} gwrw. \par \tab - We drank beer. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Mi arhos{\b on ni} mewn gwesty. \par \tab - We stayed in an hotel. \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx709\tx1276 \tab {\ul Notice the root of \lquote }{\b\ul aros}{\ul \rquote (}{\b\ul arhos - }{\ul ) \par \par } \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \tab 3.\tab {\ul Remember to mutate the object of the verb \par } \par \pard \widctlpar \par \tab \tab Fe yfon ni {\b g}wrw. \par \tab \tab Mi brynon ni {\b b}etrol. \par \pard \fi720\li720\widctlpar Fe fwyton ni {\b g}ig moch. \par \pard \widctlpar \tab \tab Mi darllenon ni {\b l}yfr. \par \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1701 \tab 4.\tab {\ul The Past Tense ending for '}{\b\ul they}{\ul ' is the same as that for '}{\b\ul we}{\ul ' \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 {\ul \par }\pard \widctlpar {\ul \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx1701 \tab {\b - on nhw} \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \par \tab Beth wel{\b on nhw} ym Mharis? \par \tab - What did they see in Paris? \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Beth beinti{\b on nhw} yn y t\'fe? \par \tab - What did they paint in the house? \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Beth gan{\b on nhw} yn y cyngerdd? \par \tab - What did they sing in the concert? \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Beth ddysg{\b on nhw} yn y dosbarth? \par \tab - What did they learn in (the) class? \par \pard \widctlpar \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \tab 5.\tab {\ul We use the same endings also in our replies, of course \par } \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe wel{\b on nhw} D\'f0r Eiffel. \par \tab - They saw the Eiffel Tower. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe beinti{\b on nhw}'r gegin. \par \tab - They painted the kitchen. \par \tab Mi gan{\b on nhw}'r Meseia. \par \tab - They sang the Messiah. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe ddysg{\b on nhw} sut i drwsio'r car. \par \tab - They learnt how to repair the car. \par \par \tab Mi ddysg{\b on nhw} (sut) i newid olwyn. \par \tab - They learnt (how) to change a wheel. \par \par \par \par {\b\ul RHAN 2} \par \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276 \tab 1.\tab {\ul As you know, negative sentences are formed by dropping the positive \par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar \tab {\ul marker }{\b\ul \lquote Mi / Fe\rquote }{\ul and adding '}{\b\ul ddim}{\ul ' \par \par \par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe aethon ni\tab \tab -\tab Aethon ni ddim \par \tab Mi fwyton ni\tab \tab -\tab Fwyton ni ddim \par \tab Fe welon nhw\tab \tab -\tab Welon nhw ddim \par \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx709 \tab {\ul Remember that verbs beginning with }{\b\ul C, P}{\ul and }{\b\ul T}{\ul will undergo an }\tab {\ul Aspirate Mutation in the negative} \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276 \tab prynu\tab -\tab Fe brynon nhw\tab -\tab {\b Ph}rynon nhw ddim \par \tab talu\tab -\tab Mi dalon ni\tab \tab -\tab {\b Th}alon ni ddim \par \tab canu\tab -\tab Fe ganon ni\tab \tab -\tab {\b Ch}anon ni ddim \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \tab \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx709 \tab By the way - it's very important to get mutations in perspective. Teachers \par \pard \li720\ri-360\widctlpar naturally have to point them out. But initially {\b don't let them stop you} from communicating!! \par \par It is {\b not} a major calamity if you say \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \par \par \pard \li720\ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276 \tab {\b B}rynon nhw ddim instead of {\b Ph}rynon nhw ddim \par \tab {\b D}alon ni ddim\tab \tab instead of\tab {\b Th}alon ni ddim \par \tab {\b G}anon ni ddim\tab instead of\tab {\b Ch}anon ni ddim \par \pard \li720\ri-360\widctlpar \par \par \pard \fi720\ri-360\widctlpar People will understand you. And that's the crucial factor. \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \par \tab 2.\tab {\b\ul ond\tab -\tab but \par } \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \tab {\ul This is very useful in joining a negative statement to a positive one.} \par \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276 \par \tab Fe aethon ni i Baris {\b ond} fwyton ni ddim malwod. \par \tab - We went to Paris {\b but} we didn't eat snails. \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Mi aethon nhw i Lundain {\b ond} arhoson nhw ddim dros nos. \par \tab - They went to London {\b but} they didn't stay overnight. \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Fe aethon ni i Rufain {\b ond} siaradon ni ddim {\cchs256 \'89}'r P{\cchs256 a}b. \par \tab - We went to Rome {\b but} we didn't speak to the Pope. \par \pard \ri-360\widctlpar \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \tab 3.\tab {\ul We can ask questions using \lquote }{\b\ul Pwy?\rquote }{\ul (Whom?), \lquote }{\b\ul Ble?\rquote }{\ul (Where?) and \par }\pard \widctlpar \tab \lquote {\b\ul Pryd?\rquote }{\ul (When?)} \par \par \tab {\ul You need not use a full sentence in your reply \par \par } \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab {\b Pwy} welon nhw yn y parc? \par \tab - {\b Whom} did they see in the park? \par \tab (Fe welon nhw) John, Mary a'r plant. \par \tab - (They saw) John Mary and the children. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab {\b Pryd} prynon nhw'r camera? \par \tab - {\b When} did they buy the camera? \par \tab (Fe brynon nhw'r camera) y llynedd. \par \tab - (They bought the camera) last year. \par \par \tab {\b Ble} bwytoch chi yng Nghaerdydd? \par \tab - {\b Where} did you eat in Cardiff? \par \tab (Fe fwyton ni) yn Zio Pin. \par \tab - (We ate) in Zio Pin. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \tab 4.\tab {\ul You also know how to ask direct questions \par }\pard \widctlpar {\ul \par }\tab {\ul The answers you'll remember are: \par \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx1701 \par \tab Do\tab \tab -\tab Yes \par \tab Naddo\tab -\tab No \par \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \par \tab Weloch chi D\'f0r Eiffel? - Do. \par \tab - Did you see the Eiffel Tower? - Yes. \par \tab \par \tab Fwyton nhw falwod? \par \tab - Did they eat snails? \par \tab Naddo, ond fe fwyton nhw lawer o gaws. \par \tab - No, but they ate a lot of cheese. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Dalon nhw am y tocynnau? \par \tab - Did they pay for the tickets? \par \tab Do, ac roedden nhw'n ddrud iawn. \par \tab - Yes, and they were very expensive. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab Ddarllenoch chi'r 'Western Mail' ddoe? \par \tab - Did you read the 'Western Mail' yesterday? \par \tab Naddo, achos phrynais i ddim papur ddoe. \par \tab - No, because I didn't buy a paper yesterday. \par \pard \widctlpar \par {\b\ul \par }\pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709 \tab 5.\tab {\b\ul Sgwrs} \par \pard \widctlpar \par \tab \par \pard \fi720\li720\widctlpar\tx2552 {\ul Nigel}:\tab Ydych chi wedi bod yn America? \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1418\tx2552 \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Ydw. Fe es i i Efrog Newydd gyda ffrind ym 1984.\tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Beth wnaethoch chi yno? \par \pard \fi720\li720\widctlpar\tx2552 {\ul Basil}:\tab Fe aethon ni o gwmpas Long Island, ac fe welon ni \tab \lquote Cats\rquote yn Broadway.\tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1418\tx2552 \tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Aethoch chi i weld \lquote The Statue of Liberty\rquote ? \par \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Naddo, ond fe welon ni'r \lquote Statue\rquote wrth gwrs.\tab \par \tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Beth fwytoch chi yn Efrog Newydd? \par \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Fe fwyton ni lawer o salad a llawer o hambyrgers, a \tab \tab llawer o donyts! \par \tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Yfoch chi Budweiser?\tab \tab \par \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Naddo, ond fe yfon ni lawer o goca cola.\tab \par \tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Gerddoch chi yn Central Park?\tab \tab \par \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Do, fe aethon ni am dro bach yn y Parc, ond doedd y \par \pard \widctlpar\tx2552 \tab tywydd ddim yn dda iawn. \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1418\tx2552 \tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Ble cysgoch chi? \par \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Yn anffodus, chysgon ni ddim yn Y Plaza Hotel! Fe \par \pard \widctlpar\tx2552 \tab gysgon ni yn Brooklyn gyda ffrindiau. Fe ofynnon \tab nhw i ni aros gyda nhw. Fe deithion ni i mewn i \tab Efrog Newydd ar y tr{\cchs256 \'90}n danddaear.\tab \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1418\tx2552 \tab {\ul Nigel}:\tab Ddarllenoch chi'r graffiti? \par \tab {\ul Basil}:\tab Do, mae'r graffiti'n ddiddorol iawn. Mae rhaid i ti \tab \tab fynd yno i weld y graffiti. \par \pard \widctlpar \par \par \tab \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab {\b \tab } \par \par {\b \tab } \par \par \tab \par \tab \tab \par \tab \tab \tab \par \tab \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx3240\tx3960\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \tab \tab \par \tab \par \pard \widctlpar\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx5760\tx6300 \par \par \pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2700\tx3420\tx3780\tx4320\tx4860\tx5400 \tab \par }