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{\info{\title  wYTHNOS 46 (2)}{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2000\mo6\dy19\hr11\min12}{\revtim\yr2000\mo12\dy18\hr16\min57}{\printim\yr2000\mo6\dy19\hr14\min55}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords820}{\nofchars4676}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}
{\vern57395}}\paperw11900\paperh16840 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart7\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0 \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts7\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer 
\pard\plain \s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f12 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024 11}}}{\cs16 
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\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar\tx3402 \f12 {\b\f112 \tab }{\b\f112\ul GWERS 37}{\b\f112 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-180\widctlpar {\b\f112\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b\f112      }{\b\f112\ul CENNARD DAVIES
\par }{\b\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b\f112 
\par }{\b\f112\ul NOD}{\b\f112 :     Trafod  y gwyliau eto ac adolygu gorffennol y ferf 'cael' a berfau 
\par }{\f112                }{\b\f112 rheolaidd (regular verbs).
\par }{\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx567\tx720\tx1080\tx1340 {\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul Geirfa}{\f112 \tab 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx567\tx720\tx1276\tx1340 {\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080 {\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab hyfryd\tab -\tab lovely\tab diflas\tab -\tab miserable
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab hapus\tab -\tab happy\tab gwych\tab -\tab superb, super
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab ofnadwy\tab -\tab terrible\tab da\tab -\tab good
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5300\tx6560\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab yn fawr iawn\tab -\tab very much\tab o gwbl\tab -\tab at all
\par 
\par \tab \tab gwyliau\tab -\tab holiday(s)\tab tywydd\tab -\tab weather
\par }\pard \ri-772\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab gwesty\tab -\tab hotel\tab llety\tab -\tab accommodation\tab \tab traeth\tab -\tab beach \tab tocyn\tab -\tab ticket
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2977\tx3500\tx3686\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab hufen i}{\f112\cchs256 \'89}{\f112 \tab -\tab \tab ice cream\tab losin, da da\tab -\tab sweets
\par }\pard \ri-772\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab dillad\tab -\tab clothes\tab   fferins
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab amser \tab -\tab time\tab malwod\tab -\tab snails
\par }\pard \ri-1056\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab glaw\tab -\tab rain\tab pwll nofio\tab -\tab swimming pool
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5300\tx6560\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3500\tx3686\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab bwyta\tab -\tab \tab to eat\tab aros\tab \tab -\tab to stay
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3500\tx3686\tx3780\tx5103\tx5480\tx5840\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab nofio\tab -\tab \tab to swim\tab ymdrochi\tab -\tab to bathe
\par \tab \tab \tab torheulo\tab -\tab \tab to sunbathe\tab chwarae\tab -\tab to play
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5300\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab mwynhau\tab -\tab to enjoy \tab gweld\tab -\tab to see
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3500\tx3686\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab prynu\tab -\tab \tab to buy\tab talu (am)\tab -\tab to pay (for)
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5300\tx6560\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6560\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab bob dydd\tab -\tab every day\tab bob bore\tab -\tab every morning
\par \tab \tab bob nos\tab -\tab every night\tab bob p\rquote nawn\tab -\tab every afternoon
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2977\tx3500\tx3686\tx3780\tx4040\tx5103\tx5480\tx5840\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab weithiau\tab -\tab \tab sometimes\tab yn aml\tab -\tab often
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab ambell waith\tab -\tab occasionally\tab dim ond\tab -\tab only
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1340\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6560\tx7088 {\f112 
\par \tab \tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab fy hun(an)\tab -\tab myself\tab ein hunain\tab -\tab ourselves
\par \tab \tab dy hun(an)\tab -\tab yourself \tab eich hunain\tab -\tab yourselves
\par \tab \tab eich hun(an)
\par \tab \tab ei hun(an)\tab -\tab her/himself\tab eu hunain\tab -\tab themselves
\par 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab 
\par }{\b\f112\ul RHAN 1}{\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5300\tx6560\tx6920 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5300\tx6560\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 1.\tab }{\b\f112\ul Let's begin by revising the positive statement forms of 'cael' (to have}{\b\f112 )}{\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx5300\tx6560\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx3119\tx3240\tx3500\tx4111\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi ges i\tab \tab \tab         \tab -\tab I had\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-1056\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx3119\tx3240\tx3500\tx4111\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi gest ti\tab \tab \tab -\tab you had\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3119\tx3500\tx3780\tx4111\tx5120\tx6920\tx7371 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi gafodd  e(o) /\tab - \tab he / she / Mair had
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab    hi / Mair      \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3119\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6920\tx7371 {\f112 \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3119\tx3500\tx4111\tx5120\tx6920\tx7371 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi gawson ni \tab -\tab we had
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi gawsoch chi\tab -\tab you had
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi gawson nhw\tab -\tab they had
\par }\pard \ri-1198\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3119\tx3500\tx4111\tx5120\tx6920\tx7371 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-440\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx3119\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul Remember that when the }{\b\f112\ul object}{\f112\ul  (the person or thing about whom / which you }{\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul 
are speaking) follows a 'short' verb of this kind, it undergoes a Soft Mutation}{\f112 .
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Fe gest ti}{\f112  }{\b\f112 w}{\f112 yliau da.\tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 You had}{\f112  a good holiday.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Fe gawson ni}{\f112  }{\b\f112 w}{\f112 esty ofnadwy.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 We had}{\f112  a terrible hotel.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Mi gawson nhw d}{\f112 ywydd gwych.\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 They had}{\f112  super weather.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-1080\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6920\tx7200 {\f112 \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f112\ul The question forms are quite simple  -  drop the positive marker  \lquote Mi / Fe\rquote  
\par }{\b\f112 \tab \tab }{\b\f112\ul but keep the mutation.}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx3119\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx3119\tx3544\tx3828\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Ges i?\tab \tab \tab -\tab Did I have?
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3119\tx3544\tx3828\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Gest ti?\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab Did you have?
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3828\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Gafodd Tom / e (o)\tab -\tab Did Tom / he / she have?
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab  / hi?\tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1134\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3828\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Gawson ni?\tab \tab \tab -\tab Did we have?
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Gawsoch chi?\tab \tab \tab -\tab Did you have?
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3780\tx3828\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Gawson nhw? \tab \tab -\tab Did they have?
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul The standard replies to all questions in the Past Tense is
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1700\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Do \tab - \tab Yes
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Naddo \tab - \tab No
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1700\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx1700\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Gest ti}{\f112  }{\b\f112 l}{\f112 ety da?   -\tab  }{\b\f112  Do}{\f112 .
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 Did you have}{\f112  good accommodation?  -  }{\b\f112 Yes}{\f112 .
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1700\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx1700\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Gawson nhw}{\f112  }{\b\f112 d}{\f112 ywydd braf?  -  }{\b\f112 Naddo}{\f112 .
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 Did they have}{\f112  fine weather?  -  }{\b\f112 No}{\f112 .\tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 3.\tab }{\b\f112\ul As you know, regular verbs (i.e. most verbs) form the Past Tense by }{\b\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112\ul 
adding certain endings to the stem}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-1160\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi fwyt}{\b\f112 ais}{\f112  i\tab \tab \tab -\tab  \tab I ate\tab \tab \tab  
\par }\pard \ri-1160\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi bryn}{\b\f112 aist}{\f112  ti\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab you bought \tab \tab  
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi ymdroch}{\b\f112 odd}{\f112  e / \tab - \tab \tab he / she /  Gwyn bathed \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112                                 hi / Gwyn
\par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi nofi}{\b\f112 on}{\f112  ni\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab we  swam
\par }\pard \ri-1160\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi wel}{\b\f112 och}{\f112  chi\tab \tab \tab - \tab \tab you  saw
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi dorheul}{\b\f112 on}{\f112  nhw \tab - \tab \tab they sunbathed
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe brynodd hi losin }{\b\f112 bob dydd.}{\f112 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - She bought sweets }{\b\f112 every day.}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Mi nofiais i }{\b\f112 bob bore.}{\f112 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - I swam }{\b\f112 every morning.}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe fwyton ni hufen i}{\f112\cchs256 \'89}{\f112  }{\b\f112 yn aml.}{\f112 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - We }{\b\f112 often}{\f112  ate ice cream.
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3680\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5760\tx8000\tx8280 {\f112  
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 \tab 4.}{\b\f112 \tab }{\b\f112\ul Notice the slight change in the stem of the following two verbs
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1980\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab aros\tab \tab  \tab -\tab \tab ar}{\b\f112 h}{\f112 os -
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab mwynhau\tab \tab -\tab \tab mwynh}{\b\f112 e}{\f112 u -
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx1980\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe ar}{\b\f112 h}{\f112 oson ni mewn gwesty mawr.\tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - We stayed in a large hotel.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-800\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx7200\tx7640 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Mi fwynh}{\b\f112 e}{\f112 uodd y plant eu hunain yn fawr iawn.
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - The children enjoyed themselves very much.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 5.\tab }{\b\f112\ul When asking questions, just drop the positive marker \lquote Fe\rquote /\rquote Mi\rquote  and }{\b\f112 
\tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112\ul adopt a questioning tone of voice . Once again keep the mutation - and }{\b\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112\ul remember also to mutate the object}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ddarllenaist ti}{\f112  }{\b\f112 b}{\f112 apur?\tab -   }{\b\f112  Do}{\f112 .\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 Did you read}{\f112  a paper?  -   }{\b\f112 Yes}{\f112 .
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Fwytodd hi}{\f112  }{\b\f112 f}{\f112 ara?  -  }{\b\f112 Naddo}{\f112 .\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 Did she eat}{\f112  bread?  -  }{\b\f112 No}{\f112 .
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f112\ul RHAN 2}{\b\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\b\f112 \tab 1.\tab }{\f112\ul You\rquote ll remember that both}{\b\f112\ul  \lquote Pwy?\rquote }{\f112\ul  (Who?/Whom?) and 
\lquote }{\b\f112\ul Beth?\rquote }{\f112\ul  (What?) }{\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\f112\ul cause the verb which follows to undergo a Soft Mutation
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Pwy w}{\f112 elaist ti?\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 Whom}{\f112  did you see?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Pwy d}{\f112 orheulodd?\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 Who}{\f112  sunbathed?
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Beth b}{\f112 rynaist ti?\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 What}{\f112  did you buy?
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-772\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 2.\tab }{\f112\ul In replying to \lquote }{\b\f112\ul Pwy?\rquote }{\f112\ul 
  questions it is often adequate to use single,independent }{\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul personal pronouns
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1620\tx2240\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx4580\tx4860\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab fi\tab -\tab I / me\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab ni\tab \tab -\tab 
we / us
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab ti\tab -\tab you\tab \tab  \tab \tab \tab chi\tab -\tab you
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab fe/fo\tab -\tab he / him\tab \tab \tab \tab nhw\tab -\tab they / them
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab hi\tab -\tab she / her
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2700\tx2960\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Pwy dalodd?   -  }{\b\f112 Fi}{\f112 
\par \tab \tab \tab - Who paid?  -   }{\b\f112 Me}{\f112  (I did)!
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab Pwy brynodd yr hufen i}{\f112\cchs256 \'89}{\f112 ?  -  }{\b\f112 Nhw}{\f112 !
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - Who bought the ice cream?  -  }{\b\f112 Them}{\f112  (They did)!
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f112 3. \tab}}\pard \fi-283\li568\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnf112\pnfs24\pnstart3\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}{
\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul Do you remember the negative forms of the Past Tense?  Just drop }{\f112 \tab \tab \tab \lquote }{\b\f112\ul Fe / Mi\rquote }{\f112\ul  and add }{\b\f112\ul 'ddim'}{\f112 .
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Fwytais i ddim}{\f112  malwod.
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 I didn't eat}{\f112  (any) snails.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Nofion ni ddim}{\f112  yn y m\'f4r  -  dim ond yn y pwll nofio.\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab - }{
\b\f112 We didn't swim}{\f112  in the sea  -  only in the swimming pool.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1134\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Welon nhw ddim}{\f112  glaw.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 They didn't see}{\f112  (any) rain.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par \tab }{\f112\ul Remember that there is no need to translate }{\b\f112\ul 'any'}{\f112\ul  into Welsh
\par 
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 4.\tab }{\f112\ul Don't forget the Aspirate Mutation in the negative forms of verbs beginning with  }{\b\f112\ul C, P}{
\f112\ul  and }{\b\f112\ul T}{\b\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\b\f112 
\par \tab }{\f112 \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Th}{\f112 aloch chi ddim am y tocyn.\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - You didn't pay for the ticket.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ph}{\f112 rynodd hi ddim hufen i}{\f112\cchs256 \'89}{\f112 .\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - She didn't buy (any) ice cream.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 ysgon nhw ddim yn dda yn y babell.
\par \tab \tab \tab - They didn\rquote t sleep well in the tent.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 5.\tab }{\f112\ul Of course the irregular verb}{\b\f112\ul  \lquote cael\rquote  }{\f112\ul begins with a}{\b\f112\ul   
\lquote C\rquote }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx1701\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3828\tx4040\tx5103\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 es i ddim\tab \tab \tab     -\tab I didn\rquote t have
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 est ti ddim\tab \tab \tab     -\tab you didn\rquote t have
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 afodd e (o) /hi /\tab     -\tab he / she / Gareth didn\rquote t have
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab    Gareth ddim
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 awson ni ddim\tab     -\tab we didn\rquote t have
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 awsoch chi ddim    -\tab you didn\rquote t have
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 awson nhw ddim\tab  -\tab they didn\rquote t have
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx1701\tx2880\tx2977\tx3240\tx3500\tx3828\tx4040\tx5103\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 awson ni ddim glaw o gwbl.
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - We didn\rquote t have (any) rain at all.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 afodd y plant ddim dillad newydd.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx1701\tx2880\tx2977\tx3240\tx3500\tx3828\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab - The children didn\rquote t have new clothes.}{\b\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\b\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1276\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Ch}{\f112 es i ddim tywydd braf.
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab - I didn\rquote t have fine weather.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx4040\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx1340\tx2880\tx3240\tx3500\tx3780\tx5120\tx5480\tx5840\tx6660\tx6920 {\f112 \tab 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\f112 \tab 
\par }
\par }