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{\info{\title Wythnos 49(6)}{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2000\mo6\dy22\hr14\min27}{\revtim\yr2000\mo12\dy18\hr16\min59}{\printim\yr2000\mo6\dy26\hr15\min27}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords807}{\nofchars4604}{\*\company Â鶹Éç}
{\vern57395}}\paperw11900\paperh16840 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart25\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0 \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts25\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer 
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\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar\tx3402 \f12 {\b\f112 \tab }{\b\f112\ul GWERS 40
\par }{\b\f112 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-260\widctlpar {\b\f112\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b\f112     }{\b\f112\ul CENNARD DAVIES
\par }{\b\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b\f112 
\par }{\b\f112\ul NOD}{\b\f112 :\tab     Disgrifio pobl}{\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx567\tx1440\tx5103 {\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul Geirfa}{\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab tal\tab -\tab tall\tab byr\tab -\tab short
\par \tab \tab tew\tab -\tab fat\tab tenau\tab -\tab thin
\par \tab \tab golau\tab -\tab fair\tab tywyll\tab -\tab dark
\par \tab \tab pert\tab -\tab pretty\tab moel\tab -\tab bald
\par }\pard \ri-1056\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab tlws (N.W.)\tab -\tab pretty \tab \tab balch\tab -\tab proud, haughty
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4040\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab crac (S.W.)\tab -\tab angry\tab swil\tab -\tab shy
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3320\tx3686\tx4040\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab dig (N.W.)\tab -\tab \tab angry\tab nerfus\tab -\tab nervous
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4040\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab hael\tab -\tab generous\tab unig\tab -\tab lonely
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx3828\tx4040\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab eiddigeddus/ \tab -\tab jealous/\tab caredig\tab -\tab kind
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3320\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx6660\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab  cenfigennus\tab \tab        envious\tab cydwybodol\tab -\tab      \tab conscientious\tab \tab \tab gwael\tab -\tab \tab poor in \tab gweithgar\tab -
\tab \tab hard working,
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab          quality \tab \tab \tab           industrious
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3320\tx3686\tx4040\tx4500\tx5103\tx6480\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab da\tab -\tab \tab good\tab \tab golygus\tab -\tab handsome\tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4040\tx4500\tx5040\tx6480\tx6840\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab meddwl\tab -\tab to think\tab credu\tab -\tab \tab to believe
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4040\tx4500\tx5040\tx6480\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab gwybod\tab -\tab to know\tab si\'f0r\tab -\tab to be sure
\par \tab \tab gobeithio\tab -\tab to hope\tab amau\tab -\tab to suspect
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab teimlo\tab -\tab to feel
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3060\tx3686\tx4040\tx5040\tx6521\tx7100 {\f112 \tab \tab plismon\tab -\tab \tab policeman\tab meddyg\tab -\tab doctor
\par }\pard \ri-1056\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3060\tx3686\tx4040\tx5040\tx6521\tx7100 {\f112 \tab \tab athro\tab -\tab \tab male \tab athrawes  f\tab -\tab female teacher
\par }\pard \ri-1056\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3060\tx3686\tx4040\tx5040\tx6740\tx7100 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab             teacher
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3060\tx3686\tx4040\tx5040\tx6521\tx7100 {\f112 \tab \tab cyfreithiwr\tab -\tab \tab solicitor\tab nyrs(us)\tab -\tab nurse(s)
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3060\tx3686\tx4040\tx5040\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab bachgen\tab -\tab \tab boy\tab merch(ed)  f\tab -\tab girl(s)\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx5103\tx6120\tx6660\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab bechgyn\tab -\tab boys\tab         
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx5103\tx6120\tx6521\tx7088 {\f112 \tab \tab rhaglen  f\tab -\tab programme\tab maes\tab \tab -\tab field, pitch\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660\tx7088 {\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f112\ul RHAN 1}{\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660\tx7088 {\f112 \tab 1.\tab }{\f112\ul In Gwers 16 we looked at ways of describing people.  When the adjective }{\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul 
stands independently it is always preceded by }{\b\f112\ul 'yn'}{\f112\ul  (which causes a Soft }{\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\f112\ul Mutation}{\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2700\tx3240\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2700\tx3240\tx4140\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab Mae Bill }{\b\f112 yn dal }{\f112 ac }{\b\f112 yn denau }{\f112 ac }{\b\f112 yn olygus.}{\f112 \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab - Bill is }{\b\f112 tall, thin }{\f112 and }{\b\f112 handsome}{\f112 .
\par 
\par \tab \tab Roedd Tom Thumb }{\b\f112 yn fyr.}{\f112 \tab 
\par \tab \tab - Tom Thumb was }{\b\f112 short.
\par }{\f112 
\par \tab \tab Ydy hi}{\b\f112 'n dew}{\f112 ?\tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab - Is she }{\b\f112 fat}{\f112 ?
\par 
\par \tab \tab Dydy e ddim }{\b\f112 yn denau.}{\f112 \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab - He isn't }{\b\f112 thin.}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab 2.\tab }{\f112\ul We\rquote ve also learned  how to qualify adjectives in three ways}{\f112 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1418\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab (a)\tab }{\f112\ul eitha' - quite}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1985\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul This stands}{\b\f112\ul  between}{\f112\ul  'yn' and the adjective. There is no mutation after it.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4140\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5840\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1985\tx2520\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5840\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Mae e'n }{\b\f112 eitha'}{\f112  tew.\tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - He's }{\b\f112 quite}{\f112  fat.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Roedd Emyr yn }{\b\f112 eitha'}{\f112  mawr.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - Emyr was }{\b\f112 quite}{\f112  big.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par 
\par \tab (b)\tab }{\f112\ul rhy - too}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1418\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul Again this stands }{\b\f112\ul between}{\f112\ul  'yn' and the adjective - but this time it is }{\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul 
followed by a Soft Mutation}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx1985\tx2160\tx2520\tx5120\tx5480\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Mae e'n }{\b\f112 rhy d}{\f112 ew.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab -\tab He's }{\b\f112 too}{\f112  fat.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Roedd Emyr yn }{\b\f112 rhy f}{\f112 awr.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab -\tab Emyr was }{\b\f112 too}{\f112  big.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1418\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par \tab (c)\tab }{\f112\ul iawn    -   very}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par \tab \tab }{\f112\ul This }{\b\f112\ul follows}{\f112\ul  the adjective
\par }{\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx1985\tx2160\tx2520\tx5400\tx5760\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Mae e'n dew }{\b\f112 iawn.}{\f112 \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab -\tab He's }{\b\f112 very }{\f112 fat.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx1985\tx2520\tx5400\tx5760\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Roedd Emyr yn fawr }{\b\f112 iawn.}{\f112 \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - Emyr was }{\b\f112 very}{\f112  big.
\par }\pard \qr\ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-772\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2520\tx4500\tx4860\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 \tab 3.\tab }{\f112\ul In describing feelings in the past - we usually use the Imperfect (was / were) }{\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul Tense}{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2160\tx2520\tx4040\tx4500\tx6120\tx6660 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-1340\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx3140\tx3420\tx4860\tx7100\tx7380 {\f112 \tab \tab Roeddwn i\tab -\tab I was\tab Doeddwn i ddim \tab - \tab I wasn't
\par \tab \tab Roeddet ti\tab -\tab you were\tab Doeddet ti ddim\tab -\tab you weren't
\par \tab \tab Roedd e(o)/hi \tab -\tab he/she was\tab Doedd(o)e/hi ddim \tab -\tab he/she wasn't
\par }\pard \ri-1340\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx3140\tx3420\tx4860\tx7100\tx7380 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-1340\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx3140\tx3420\tx4860\tx7100\tx7380 {\f112 \tab \tab Roedden ni\tab -\tab we were\tab Doedden ni ddim\tab -\tab we weren't
\par \tab \tab Roeddech chi \tab - \tab you were\tab Doeddech chi ddim \tab -\tab you weren't
\par \tab \tab Roedden nhw\tab -\tab they were\tab Doedden nhw ddim\tab -\tab they weren't
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1701\tx2420\tx2700\tx5400\tx5760\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Roeddwn i}{\f112 'n grac / ddig.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 I was}{\f112  angry.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Roedd o / e}{\f112 'n swil.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 He was}{\f112  shy.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Roedden nhw}{\f112 'n hael.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 They were}{\f112  generous.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Roedd y ferch}{\f112  yn falch.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 The girl was}{\f112  proud.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx5400\tx5760\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx5400\tx5760\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab 
\par \tab }{\b\f112\ul You could make negative statements
\par 
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1701\tx2420\tx2700\tx5400\tx5760\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Doeddwn i ddim}{\f112  yn grac.\tab 
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 I wasn't}{\f112  angry.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1560\tx2420\tx2700\tx5400\tx5760\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1701\tx2420\tx2700\tx5400\tx5760\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Doedd hi ddim}{\f112  yn swil.\tab 
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 She wasn't}{\f112  shy.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Doedden nhw ddim}{\f112  yn eiddigeddus. 
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\f112 They weren't}{\f112  jealous.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4860\tx5220\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4860\tx5220\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab }{\b\f112\ul You could also ask}{\f112\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4860\tx5220\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4860\tx5220\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1701\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Oedd hi}{\f112 'n swil?  -   }{\b\f112 Nac oedd}{\f112 .
\par \tab \tab  - }{\b\f112 Was she}{\f112  shy?  -   }{\b\f112 No}{\f112 .
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1701\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Oedden nhw}{\f112 'n grac / ddig?  -  }{\b\f112 Oedden}{\f112 , wir.
\par \tab \tab  - }{\b\f112 Were they}{\f112  angry?  -  }{\b\f112 Yes}{\f112 , indeed.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab 4.\tab }{\b\f112\ul teimlo     -      to feel
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab 'Dw i'n }{\b\f112 teimlo}{\f112 'n unig.
\par \tab \tab  - I }{\b\f112 feel}{\f112  (am feeling) lonely.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Wyt ti'n }{\b\f112 teimlo}{\f112 'n swil weithiau?
\par \tab \tab  - Do you }{\b\f112 feel}{\f112  shy sometimes?
\par 
\par \tab \tab Oedd e'n }{\b\f112 teimlo}{\f112 'n grac?
\par \tab \tab  - Was he }{\b\f112 feeling}{\f112  angry?
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab  (i.e. Did he feel angry?)
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Doedden nhw ddim yn }{\b\f112 teimlo}{\f112 \rquote n eiddigeddus.
\par \tab \tab - They weren\rquote t }{\b\f112 feeling}{\f112  envious.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par 
\par }{\b\f112\ul RHAN 2}{\b\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\b\f112 \tab 1.\tab }{\f112\ul We have seen }{\b\f112\ul 'yn'}{\f112\ul  followed by an }{\b\f112\ul adjective
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Mae hi}{\b\f112 'n bert.}{\f112  \tab 
\par \tab \tab -  She's }{\b\f112 pretty.
\par }{\f112 
\par \tab \tab Roedd y plant }{\b\f112 yn hapus.}{\f112  \tab 
\par \tab \tab - The children were }{\b\f112 happy.
\par }{\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-631\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab }{\b\f112\ul 'yn'}{\f112\ul  can also be followed by a }{\b\f112\ul noun}{\f112\ul  (which also undergoes a Soft Mutation}{\f112 )
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab Mae Lesley }{\b\f112 yn fachgen.}{\f112  \tab 
\par \tab \tab - Lesley is }{\b\f112 a  boy.
\par }{\f112 
\par \tab \tab Roedd hi}{\b\f112 'n feddyg. }{\f112  \tab 
\par \tab \tab - She was }{\b\f112 a doctor.
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul We can add an }{\b\f112\ul adjective}{\f112\ul  to these nouns.  Notice that the adjective }{\b\f112\ul follows}{\f112\ul  the }{\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul 
noun in Welsh 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul There is no mutation after a}{\b\f112\ul  singular, masculine }{\f112\ul noun 
\par }\pard \ri-914\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Mae Tom yn fachgen }{\b\f112 da.}{\f112   
\par \tab \tab - \tab Tom is a }{\b\f112 good}{\f112  boy.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Roedd e'n blismon }{\b\f112 tal.}{\f112  \tab 
\par \tab \tab -  He was a }{\b\f112 tall}{\f112  policeman.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab 2.\tab }{\f112\ul There is no mutation either if the noun is }{\b\f112\ul plural}{\f112\ul  (masculine or feminine}{\f112 )
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Maen nhw'n fechgyn }{\b\f112 d}{\f112 a.
\par \tab \tab - They\rquote re good boys.
\par 
\par \tab \tab Maen nhw'n ferched }{\b\f112 d}{\f112 a.
\par \tab \tab - They\rquote re good girls.
\par 
\par \tab \tab Maen nhw'n nyrsus }{\b\f112 c}{\f112 aredig.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab - They\rquote re kind nurses.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab 3.\tab }{\f112\ul But if the noun is }{\b\f112\ul singular, feminine}{\f112\ul  the adjective which follows }{\f112 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f112\ul 
undergoes a Soft Mutation
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Mae hi'n }{\b\f112 ferch}{\f112  }{\b\f112 f}{\f112 awr.
\par \tab \tab - She\rquote s a big girl.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1980\tx2420\tx2700\tx4220\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Mae Mary'n }{\b\f112 athrawes}{\f112  }{\b\f112 dd}{\f112 a.
\par \tab \tab - Mary\rquote s a good teacher.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab 4.\tab }{\f112\ul In previous lessons you have learnt to convey the same information
\par }{\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul as we have in the above sentences  -  but using the \lquote }{\b\f112\ul emphatic pattern}{\f112\ul \rquote   -}{\f112 
\par \tab \tab }{\f112\ul i.e. emphasizing the important information by placing it first.}{\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Mae e\rquote n blismon.
\par }{\b\f112 \tab \tab \tab Plismon }{\f112 ydy e (o).\tab 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab \tab Roedd hi\rquote n athrawes.
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f112 Athrawes }{\f112 oedd hi.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112\ul 
\par }{\f112 \tab 5.\tab }{\f112\ul In Gwers 38  you learnt to say things like}{\f112 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4400\tx4680\tx5103\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab . . . }{\b\f112 that}{\f112  Panorama }{\b\f112 is /   }{\f112  \tab - \tab \'85. }{\b\f112 bod}{\f112  Panorama
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4400\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab . . . }{\b\f112 that}{\f112  the film }{\b\f112 is / was}{\f112  \tab - \tab \'85. }{\b\f112 bod}{\f112  y ffilm
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx709\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4400\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab }{\f112\ul We can now learn to say
\par }{\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4400\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4400\tx4680\tx5103\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab . . . }{\b\f112 that}{\f112  he }{\b\f112 is / was}{\f112  \tab - \tab \'85. ei fod e (o)
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4400\tx4680\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab . . . }{\b\f112 that}{\f112  she }{\b\f112 is / was}{\f112  \tab - \tab \'85. ei bod hi
\par \tab \tab . . . }{\b\f112 that}{\f112  they }{\b\f112 are / were}{\f112  \tab - \tab \'85. eu bod nhw
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab 'Dw i'n meddwl }{\b\f112 ei fod e}{\f112 'n garedig.
\par \tab \tab - I think }{\b\f112 that he's}{\f112  kind.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab 'Dw i'n credu }{\b\f112 ei fod e}{\f112 'n fachgen swil (iawn)
\par \tab \tab - I believe }{\b\f112 that he's}{\f112  a (very) shy boy.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab Roeddwn i'n si\'f0r }{\b\f112 ei bod hi}{\f112 'n ferch dda.
\par \tab \tab - I was sure }{\b\f112 that she was}{\f112  a good girl.
\par }\pard \li1275\ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab 'Dw i'n gwybod }{\b\f112 eu bod nhw}{\f112 'n grac / ddig.
\par \tab \tab - I know }{\b\f112 that they are}{\f112  angry.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par \tab }{\f112\ul Notice that these patterns can convey the }{\b\f112\ul Present}{\f112\ul  or  the }{\b\f112\ul Past }{\f112\ul Tense - }{\f112 \tab \tab }{\f112\ul depending on the tense of the first part
\par }{\f112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4320\tx4680\tx5529\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 \tab \tab '}{\b\f112 Dw i}{\f112 'n si\'f0r }{\b\f112 ei fod e / o\'85}{\f112  \tab \tab     - \tab }{\b\f112 I'm}{\f112  sure that he}{\b\f112  is\'85.
\par \tab \tab Roeddwn i}{\f112 'n si\'f0r }{\b\f112 ei fod e / o      }{\f112  - \tab }{\b\f112 I was}{\f112  sure that he}{\b\f112  was}{\f112 \'85.
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2420\tx2700\tx4040\tx4500\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-360\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2420\tx2700\tx4860\tx5220\tx6480\tx6840 {\f112 
\par }\pard \widctlpar 
\par }