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\f105\lang2057 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \f105\lang2057 \sbasedon0\snext15 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive\sbasedon10 page number;}}{\info{\title Sgript W8}{\author 麻豆社}{\operator 麻豆社}
{\creatim\yr2000\mo3\dy2\hr14\min26}{\revtim\yr2002\mo8\dy1\hr16\min31}{\printim\yr2000\mo3\dy6\hr15\min36}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords737}{\nofchars4203}{\*\company 麻豆社}{\vern57395}}\paperw11880\paperh16820 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart41\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0\fracwidth \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts41\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer \pard\plain 
\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f105\lang2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024 41}}}{\cs16 
\par }\pard \s15\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 
\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \li2880\widctlpar \f105\lang2057 {\b          }{\b\ul GWERS 7}{\b \tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \widctlpar {\b\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b    }{\b\ul ANN M. JONES
\par 
\par 
\par }{\ul NOD}:\tab         To look at some personal details.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx567 \tab \tab {\ul Geirfa}
\par \pard \widctlpar 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2835\tx3240\tx5103\tx6120 \tab \tab dod\tab -\tab to come\tab 
\par 
\par \tab \tab o\tab -\tab from
\par 
\par \pard \ri-367\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2835\tx3240\tx5103\tx6120 \tab \tab yn wreiddiol \tab -    \tab originally \tab o ble?    \tab \tab -\tab from where?
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276 \tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-367\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2835\tx3261\tx5103\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab eich tad\tab \tab \tab -   \tab your father\tab eich mam\tab -\tab \tab your mother
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx2835\tx3261 \tab eich g\'f0r\tab -    \tab your husband\tab  eich gwraig\tab -\tab your wife
\par \pard \widctlpar 
\par \pard \ri-367\widctlpar\tx720\tx1276\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2835\tx3261\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840\tx7230 \tab \tab yn briod\tab \tab -\tab married\tab yn ddibriod\tab -\tab      unmarried
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1276\tx2835\tx3261 \tab yn sengl\tab -\tab single
\par 
\par 
\par {\b\ul RHAN 1}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2835\tx3261 \tab 1.\tab {\ul The following questions are familiar to you by now:}
\par \pard \widctlpar 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f105\lang2057 (a) \tab}\pard \fi-283\li1363\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2552\tx4680{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pnlcltr\pnb0\pni0\pnf105\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta ) }}\tab Pwy ydych chi?\tab 
\par \pard \li1080\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2552\tx4680 \tab -  Who are you? 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx1985\tx2268\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab Ann ydw i.\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - I'm Ann.
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab Pwy ydw i?
\par \tab \tab \tab - Who am I?
\par \tab \tab \tab Nigel ydych chi.
\par \tab \tab \tab - You\rquote re Nigel.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx4680 \tab \tab 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f105\lang2057 (b) \tab}\pard \fi-283\li1363\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx4680{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pnlcltr\pnb0\pni0\pnf105\pnfs24\pnstart2\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta ) }}\tab Ble rydych chi'n byw?\tab 
\par \pard \li1080\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx4680 \tab - Where do you live? 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx1985\tx4680 \tab \tab \tab Rydw i'n byw yng Ngwenf{\cchs256 \'99}\tab .\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab - I live in Wenvoe
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx4680 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx4680 \tab 2.\tab {\ul You'll remember that places beginning with }{\b\ul C }{\ul and }{\b\ul P undergo a Nasal }{\b \tab \tab }{\b\ul Mutation}{\ul  when they are used after }{\b\ul 'yn' (in)}{\ul .  
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx4680 {\ul 
\par }\pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx2340\tx2700\tx4680\tx6300\tx6480 \tab \tab {\b C}aerdydd\tab -\tab {\b yng Ngh}aerdyd\tab {\b C}aernarfon\tab -\tab {\b yng Ngh}aernarfon
\par \pard \ri-509\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx2340\tx2700\tx4680\tx6300\tx6480 \tab \tab {\b C}aeathro\tab -\tab {\b yng Ngh}aeathro\tab {\b C}roesyceiliog\tab -{\b \tab yng Ngh}roesyceiliog
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx2340\tx2700\tx4680\tx6300\tx6480 \tab \tab {\b P}enarth\tab -\tab {\b ym Mh}enarth\tab {\b P}ontypridd\tab -\tab {\b ym Mh}ontypridd
\par \tab \tab {\b P}wllheli\tab -\tab {\b ym Mh}wllheli\tab {\b P}orthmadog\tab -\tab {\b ym Mh}orthmadog
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6380 \tab {\ul The same thing happens with names beginning with T,G, B and D.   }\tab {\ul Don't worry too much about this - try to learn some place names after }\tab {\ul 
'yn' parrot fashion.}{\b\ul 
\par }\tab \tab 
\par \pard \ri-440\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx2340\tx2700\tx4680\tx6300\tx6480 \tab \tab {\b T}reorci\tab -\tab {\b yn Nh}reorci\tab {\b T}rawsfynydd\tab -\tab {\b yn Nh}rawsfynydd
\par \tab \tab {\b T}ywyn\tab -\tab {\b yn Nh}ywyn\tab {\b T}onypandy\tab -\tab {\b yn Nh}onypandy
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\tx2340\tx2700\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6380 \tab \tab {\b D}yfed\tab -\tab {\b yn N}yfed\tab {\b D}ogellau\tab -\tab {\b yn N}olgellau
\par \tab \tab {\b D}eganwy\tab -\tab {\b yn N}eganwy\tab {\b D}inas Powys{\b \tab }-{\b \tab yn N}inas Powys
\par 
\par \tab \tab {\b B}edwas\tab -\tab {\b ym Medwas\tab B}enllech\tab -\tab {\b ym M}enllech
\par \tab \tab {\b B}angor{\b \tab }-\tab {\b ym M}angor\tab {\b B}rynmawr\tab -\tab {\b ym M}rynmawr
\par 
\par \tab \tab {\b G}wenf{\cchs256 \'99}\tab -\tab {\b yng Ng}wenf{\cchs256 \'99}\tab {\b G}land\'f0r\tab -\tab {\b yng Ng}land\'f0r
\par \tab \tab {\b G}wynedd\tab -\tab {\b yng Ng}wynedd\tab {\b G}went\tab -\tab {\b yng Ng}went\tab 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \ri-260\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1260\tx2880\tx3240\tx5220\tx6120 \tab 3.\tab {\ul The preposition }{\b\ul 'o'}{\ul  also causes a Mutation at the beginning of words} \tab \tab {\ul which follow it.  It is called a }{\b\ul Soft Mutation}{\ul 
 and it is different from the} \tab \tab {\b\ul Nasal Mutation}{\ul  caused by the preposition  }{\b\ul 'yn'}{\ul .  Here are some} \tab \tab \tab {\ul examples.  Again - my advice is to learn a few, parrot fashion.}
\par \pard \qr\widctlpar\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660 \tab 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1134\tx1440\tx2410\tx2880\tx3240\tx4678\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660 \tab {\b C}aerdydd\tab -\tab o {\b G}aerdydd\tab {\b C}aerffili\tab -\tab o {\b G}aerffili
\par \tab {\b C}aer \tab -\tab o {\b G}aer\tab {\b C}onwy\tab -\tab o {\b G}onwy\tab 
\par 
\par \tab {\b P}owys\tab -\tab o {\b B}owys\tab {\b P}ennal\tab - \tab o {\b B}ennal
\par \tab {\b P}aris\tab -\tab o {\b B}aris\tab {\b P}entraeth\tab -\tab o {\b B}entraeth
\par 
\par \tab {\b T}refforest\tab -\tab o {\b D}refforest\tab {\b T}algarth\tab - \tab o {\b D}algarth
\par \tab {\b T}ywyn\tab -\tab o {\b D}ywyn\tab {\b T}regaron\tab -\tab o {\b D}regaron
\par 
\par \tab {\b D}yfed\tab -\tab o {\b D}dyfed\tab {\b D}inbych\tab - \tab o{\b  D}dinbych
\par \tab {\b D}owlais{\b \tab }-{\b \tab o Dd}owlais\tab Dwyran{\b \tab }-\tab o {\b Dd}wyran
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab {\b B}angor\tab -\tab o {\b F}angor\tab {\b B}edwar\tab -\tab o {\b F}edwas
\par \pard \ri-651\widctlpar\tx1134\tx1440\tx2410\tx2880\tx3240\tx4678\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660 \tab {\b B}ethel\tab -\tab o {\b F}ethel\tab {\b B}etws -y- Coed-\tab o{\b  F}etws- y- Coed
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx1134\tx1440\tx2410\tx2880\tx3240\tx4678\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660 \tab 
\par 
\par \tab {\b G}went\tab -\tab o {\b W}ent\tab {\b G}wynedd\tab -\tab o {\b W}ynedd
\par \tab {\b G}landyfi\tab -\tab o {\b L}andyfi\tab {\b G}land\'f0r\tab -\tab o  {\b L}and\'f0r
\par 
\par \tab {\b Ll}andudno\tab -\tab o {\b L}andudno\tab {\b Ll}anrwst\tab -\tab o {\b L}anrwst{\b 
\par \tab Ll}andegla\tab -\tab o {\b L}andegla\tab {\b Ll}edrod\tab -\tab o {\b L}edrod
\par 
\par \tab {\b Rh}iwabon\tab -\tab o {\b R}iwabon\tab {\b Rh}iwbeina\tab -\tab o{\b  R}iwbeina
\par \tab {\b Rh}ostyllen\tab -\tab o {\b R}ostyllen\tab {\b Rh}osili\tab -\tab o {\b R}osili
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1134\tx1440\tx2410\tx2880\tx3240\tx4678\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660 \tab 4.\tab {\ul Some placenames have the definite article (the) in front of them}.\tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2880\tx3240\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab \tab e.g.\tab {\b Y} Barri\tab \tab {\b Y} Bala\tab \tab {\b Yr} Wyddgrug  (Mold)
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1980\tx2880\tx3240\tx3960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab {\b '}{\b\ul y}{\b '} \tab is used in front of a consonant
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b '}{\b\ul yr}{\b '} \tab is used in front of a vowel
\par \tab \tab \tab {\b ' }{\b\ul 'r }{\b ' \tab }is used {\b after} a vowel (in front of both vowels and \tab \tab \tab \tab consonants)
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab o{\b 'r }Barri\tab             o{\b 'r} Bala\tab       o{\b 'r }Wyddgrug
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \li285\widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 5.\tab {\ul Some questions and answers:
\par }
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab O ble r(yd)ych chi'n dod?
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab \tab - From where do you come?
\par \tab \tab       (often heard in English\tab -   Where do you come from?)
\par \tab \tab (Ry)dw i'n dod o Gaerdydd.
\par \tab \tab - I come from Cardiff.
\par 
\par \tab \tab O ble r(yd)ych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?
\par \tab \tab - From where do you come originally?
\par \tab \tab \lquote Dw i'n dod o'r Bala'n wreiddiol.
\par \pard \li1440\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 - I come from Bala originally.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \tab \tab O ble (ry)dw i'n dod?
\par \tab \tab - From where do I come ?
\par \tab \tab R(yd)ych chi'n dod o Wenf{\cchs256 \'99}.
\par \pard \li1440\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 - You come from Wenvoe
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab 6\tab {\ul Compare these pairs of sentences:}
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1560\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab \tab \tab \lquote Dw i\rquote n dod {\b o F}aesteg yn wreiddiol.
\par \pard \li1440\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660   \lquote Dw i\rquote n byw {\b ym M}aesteg nawr.
\par 
\par \pard \li1440\widctlpar\tx720\tx1560\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 \tab R\rquote ych chi\rquote n dod {\b o B}orthyrhyd.
\par   R\rquote ych chi\rquote n gweithio {\b ym Mh}orthyrhyd.
\par 
\par   Rwyt ti\rquote n dod {\b o G}aerffili.
\par   Rwyt ti\rquote n byw {\b yng Ngh}aerffili nawr.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx3140\tx4500\tx5040\tx5480\tx6300\tx6660 {\b\ul RHAN 2
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 1.\tab {\ul Let\rquote s speak about other people}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \tab \tab O ble mae Colin yn dod yn wreiddiol?
\par \tab \tab - From where does Colin come originally?
\par \tab \tab Mae e'n (Mae o'n) dod o Fangor.
\par \tab \tab - He comes from Bangor.
\par 
\par \tab \tab O ble mae eich mam yn dod yn wreiddiol?
\par \tab \tab - From where does your mother come originally?
\par \tab \tab Mae hi'n dod o Ddyfed.
\par \tab \tab - She comes from Dyfed.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 2.\tab {\ul Direct questions}
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \pard \ri-792\widctlpar\tx720\tx1134\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx3544\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840\tx7371 \tab \tab \tab \tab Ydych chi?\tab -       Are you / Do you?\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Ydw!\tab \tab \tab -       Yes I am / do\tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx3544\tx4111\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab \tab Nac ydw\tab         \tab -\tab No I\rquote m not / don\rquote t
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 
\par \tab \tab Ydych chi'n dod o Gaerdydd yn wreiddiol?
\par \tab \tab - Do you come from Cardiff originally?
\par \tab \tab Ydw ('dw i'n dod o Gaerdydd).
\par \tab \tab - Yes (I come from Cardiff).
\par 
\par \tab \tab Ydych chi'n byw ym Maesteg? 
\par \tab \tab - Do you live in Maesteg?
\par \tab \tab Ydw ('dw i'n byw ym Maesteg).
\par \tab \tab - Yes (I live in Maesteg).
\par 
\par \pard \ri-792\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab Nac ydw ('dw i ddim yn byw ym Maesteg). \lquote Dw i\rquote n byw yn Nolgellau.
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab - No (I don't live in Maesteg). I live in Dolgellau.
\par 
\par \tab \tab Ydych chi'n hoffi gweithio yn y 麻豆社?
\par \tab \tab - Do you like working in the 麻豆社?
\par \tab \tab Ydw wir.
\par \tab \tab - Yes, indeed.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx284\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab 3.\tab {\ul A typical (??) conversation}\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\ul Mair}:\tab \tab Mair ydw i.  Pwy ydych chi?
\par \pard \sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx1800\tx2160\tx2600\tx2960\tx5040\tx5480\tx6480\tx6840 \tab \tab {\ul Tom}:\tab \tab O - Tom ydw i.
\par \tab \tab {\ul Mair}:\tab \tab Ble rydych chi'n byw, Tom?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Tom}:\tab \tab 'Dw i'n byw ym Mangor nawr, ond 'dw i'n dod o \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Aberystwyth yn wreiddiol.  O ble rydych chi'n dod, \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Mair?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Mair}:\tab \tab 'Dw i'n dod o Gaernarfon yn wreiddiol ond 'dw i'n \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab byw yn Nolgellau nawr.   Ydych chi'n briod Tom?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Tom}:\tab \tab Ydw.
\par \tab \tab {\ul Mair}:\tab \tab O ble mae eich gwraig yn dod?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Tom}:\tab \tab Mae hi'n dod o Landudno.  Ydych chi'n briod?
\par \tab \tab {\ul Mair}:\tab \tab Nac ydw - 'dw i ddim yn briod.   \lquote Dw i'n sengl.
\par }