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{\title GWERS 78__                     }{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2001\mo1\dy29\hr15\min59}{\revtim\yr2002\mo7\dy17\hr16\min45}{\printim\yr2002\mo3\dy19\hr14\min31}{\version12}{\edmins101}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords1086}{\nofchars6195}
{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart47\hyphcaps0 \fet0\sectd \pgnrestart\pgnstarts47\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709 {\footer \pard\plain \s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f4\fs20 
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\pnf11\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang{\pntxtb o}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnf46\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang{\pntxtb ?}}\pard\plain \nowidctlpar\tx3402 \f4\fs20 {\f105\fs24 \tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul GWERS 78}{\f105\fs24 \tab \tab                      

\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }{\b\f105\fs24\ul CYFLWYNYDD: }{\b\f105\fs24      }{\b\f105\fs24\ul BASIL DAVIES}{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f105\fs24 NOD:\tab       Adolygu  \lquote this . . .', 'that . . .', 'these . . .'  a  'those . . .'.}{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx567\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab }{\f105\fs24\ul Geirfa}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx567 {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab pl\'e2t\tab -\tab plate \tab platiau\tab -\tab plates
\par \tab teisen   f\tab -\tab cake \tab teisennau/od\tab -\tab cakes
\par \tab cacen(nau)  f\tab -\tab cake(s) \tab cwpan(au)\tab -\tab cup(s)\tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-432\nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab coffi\tab -\tab coffee\tab rhaglen(ni)  f\tab -\tab programme(s)
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab llyfr(au)\tab -\tab book(s)\tab darlun(iau)\tab -\tab picture(s)
\par \tab llestri\tab -\tab dishes\tab te\tab -\tab tea
\par \tab cylchgrawn\tab -\tab magazine \tab cylchgronau\tab -\tab magazines\tab 
\par \tab ceir\tab -\tab cars\tab ysgol(ion)  f\tab -\tab school(s)\tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521 {\f105\fs24 \tab crys\tab -\tab shirt\tab trowsus\tab -\tab trousers
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686 {\f105\fs24 \tab papur(au)\tab -\tab paper(s)\tab \tab (singular in Welsh)
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab caset(iau)\tab -\tab casset(tes)\tab menig\tab -\tab gloves
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab tywydd\tab -\tab weather\tab esgid(iau)  f\tab -\tab shoe(s)\tab \tab \tab hosan(au)   f\tab -\tab sock(s)  / \tab sgert(iau)  f\tab -\tab skirt(s)\tab         \tab \tab \tab 
            stocking(s)\tab eisin\tab -\tab icing
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab siwmper(i)  f\tab -\tab jumper(s)\tab blows/en  f\tab -\tab blouse\tab \tab cot(iau)  f\tab -\tab coat(s)\tab pethau melys-\tab sweet things\tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab brechdan(au)  f\tab -\tab sandwich(es)
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105\fs24 \tab gl\'e2n\tab -\tab clean\tab brwnt (SW)\tab -\tab dirty
\par \tab cryf\tab -\tab strong\tab budr (NW)\tab -\tab dirty
\par \tab gwan\tab -\tab weak\tab hen\tab -\tab old
\par \tab newydd\tab -\tab new\tab drud\tab -\tab expensive
\par \tab diddorol\tab -\tab interesting\tab rhad\tab -\tab cheap
\par \tab melys\tab -\tab sweet\tab blasus\tab -\tab tasty
\par \tab llac\tab -\tab loose\tab tynn\tab -\tab tight
\par \tab cynnes\tab -\tab warm\tab oer\tab -\tab cold
\par \tab cyfforddus\tab -\tab comfortable\tab ffasiynol\tab -\tab fashionable
\par \tab chwith\tab -\tab left\tab de\tab -\tab right
\par \tab 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab gormod\tab -\tab too much \tab bendigedig\tab -\tab wonderful
\par \tab llawn (o)\tab -\tab full (of) \tab plaen\tab -\tab plain
\par 
\par \tab edrych\tab -\tab to look \tab ffitio\tab -\tab \tab to fit
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx2977\tx3686 {\f105\fs24 \tab piau\tab -\tab to own
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f105\fs24\ul RHAN 1}{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284\tx709 {\f105\fs24 \tab 1.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul y / yr . . . . 'ma       -       this / these . . . .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\b\f105\fs24\ul 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \li709\nowidctlpar\tx709 {\f105\fs24 \tab The noun (singular or plural) which is linked to the word }{\b\f105\fs24 'this'}{\f105\fs24  or \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24 these\rquote }{\f105\fs24  is placed between \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24 y / yr\rquote }{
\f105\fs24  and \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24 'ma}{\f105\fs24 \rquote . 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 y car 'ma\tab \tab -\tab \tab this car
\par \tab yr ysgol 'ma\tab \tab -\tab \tab this school
\par \tab y ferch 'ma\tab \tab -\tab \tab this girl
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\b\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\b\f105\fs24 \tab y ceir \lquote ma\tab \tab -\tab \tab these cars\tab 
\par \tab yr ysgolion 'ma\tab -\tab \tab these schools
\par \tab y merched 'ma\tab -\tab \tab these girls
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae}{\b\f105\fs24 'r cwpan 'ma}{\f105\fs24 'n frwnt (fudr).
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 This cup}{\f105\fs24  is dirty.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ydych chi'n hoffi'}{\b\f105\fs24 r coffi 'ma}{\f105\fs24 ?
\par \tab - Do you like }{\b\f105\fs24 this coffee}{\f105\fs24 ?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'}{\b\f105\fs24 r deisen (gacen) 'ma'n }{\f105\fs24 felys.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 This cake}{\f105\fs24  is sweet.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'}{\b\f105\fs24 r llyfr 'ma'n }{\f105\fs24 ddiddorol iawn.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 This book}{\f105\fs24  is very interesting..
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ydy'}{\b\f105\fs24 r dillad 'ma'n }{\f105\fs24 l\'e2n?
\par \tab - Are }{\b\f105\fs24 these clothes}{\f105\fs24  clean?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Beth sy' yn }{\b\f105\fs24 y brechdanau 'ma}{\f105\fs24 ?
\par }\pard \li1275\nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx1635 {\f105\fs24 - What's in }{\b\f105\fs24 these sandwiches}{\f105\fs24 ?
\par }\pard \li1275\nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul y / yr . . .'na\tab     -\tab    that / those . .}{\f105\fs24\ul  .}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par \tab The noun (singular or plural) which is linked to the word }{\b\f105\fs24 'that'}{\f105\fs24  is placed 
\par \tab between \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24 y}{\f105\fs24 \rquote  and\rquote  }{\b\f105\fs24 'na\rquote }{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 y ferch 'na\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab that girl
\par \tab y pl\'e2t 'na\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab that plate
\par \tab y frechdan 'na\tab \tab -\tab \tab that sandwich
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\b\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\b\f105\fs24 \tab y merched 'na\tab \tab -\tab \tab those girls
\par \tab y pl\'e2tiau 'na\tab \tab \tab -\tab \tab those plates
\par \tab y brechdanau 'na\tab \tab -\tab \tab those sandwiches
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'}{\b\f105\fs24 r coffi 'na'n }{\f105\fs24 edrych yn wan.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 That coffee}{\f105\fs24  looks weak.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Oedd }{\b\f105\fs24 y car 'na}{\f105\fs24 'n ddrud?
\par \tab - Was }{\b\f105\fs24 that car}{\f105\fs24  expensive?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ydy'}{\b\f105\fs24 r cwpan 'na}{\f105\fs24 'n l\'e2n?
\par \tab - Is }{\b\f105\fs24 that cup}{\f105\fs24  clean?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'}{\b\f105\fs24 r deisen (gacen) 'na}{\f105\fs24 'n flasus iawn.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 That cake}{\f105\fs24  is very tasty.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae}{\b\f105\fs24 'r llyfrau 'na}{\f105\fs24 'n ddiddorol.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Those books}{\f105\fs24  are interesting.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Roedd }{\b\f105\fs24 y darluniau}{\f105\fs24  }{\b\f105\fs24 'na}{\f105\fs24 'n ddrud.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Those pictures}{\f105\fs24  were expensive.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'}{\b\f105\fs24 r teisennod}{\f105\fs24  }{\b\f105\fs24 'na}{\f105\fs24 'n felys iawn.
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Those cakes}{\f105\fs24  are very sweet.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 \tab 3.\tab }{\f105\fs24\ul Remember that \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24\ul y / yr\rquote }{\f105\fs24\ul  becomes \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24\ul \rquote r}{\f105\fs24\ul \rquote  if the previous word ends in a vowel.}{\f105\fs24 

\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ma}{\b\f105\fs24 e'r}{\f105\fs24  llyfrau 'na'n ddiddorol.
\par \tab - Those books are interesting.
\par \tab \tab Yd}{\b\f105\fs24 y'r}{\f105\fs24  dillad 'ma'n l\'e2n?
\par \tab \tab - Are these clothes clean?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 \tab 4.\tab }{\f105\fs24\ul When a noun is plural, it never mutates after '}{\b\f105\fs24\ul y}{\f105\fs24\ul ' - even if it is}{\f105\fs24  \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f105\fs24\ul feminine.}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 \tab y }{\b\f105\fs24 d}{\f105\fs24 eisen 'ma\tab -\tab y teisennau 'ma
\par \tab y }{\b\f105\fs24 g}{\f105\fs24 acen 'ma\tab \tab -\tab y cacennau 'ma
\par \tab y }{\b\f105\fs24 f}{\f105\fs24 rechdan 'na\tab -\tab y brechdanau 'na
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709 {\f105\fs24 \tab It is only a }{\b\f105\fs24 singular, feminine}{\f105\fs24  noun which undergoes a Soft Mutation \tab after '}{\b\f105\fs24 y}{\f105\fs24 '.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f105\fs24\ul RHAN 2}{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284\tx709 {\f105\fs24 \tab 1.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul I'm sure you remember the 'command' forms}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 \tab gwisgo\tab -\tab Gwisga! \tab (TI)
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Gwisgwch!\tab (CHI)
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 \tab 2.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul hwn / hon   \tab     -\tab      this (one)}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 When we wish to say }{\b\f105\fs24 'this (one)'}{\f105\fs24  without linking it to a noun we use }{\b\f105\fs24 'hwn'}{\f105\fs24  when the thing to which we refer is }{\b\f105\fs24 masculine}{\f105\fs24  and }{
\b\f105\fs24 'hon'}{\f105\fs24  when the thing to which we refer is }{\b\f105\fs24 feminine}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 If in doubt - use the masculine but remember that most articles of clothing are feminine.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hwn}{\f105\fs24  yn hen.\tab      (car)\tab 
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 This (one)}{\f105\fs24  is old.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab 'Dw i ddim yn hoffi gwisgo'r trowsus 'ma.  Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hwn}{\f105\fs24  yn rhy dynn.
\par \tab - I don't like wearing this (pair of) trousers. }{\b\f105\fs24 This}{\f105\fs24  is too tight.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab   (\lquote trowsus\rquote  is singular in Welsh)
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-432\nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hwn}{\f105\fs24  yn frwnt.  'Dw i ddim yn gallu gwisgo'r crys 'ma i'r gwaith.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 This (one)}{\f105\fs24  is dirty.  I can't wear this shirt to work.\tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Gwisga'r cap 'ma!  Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hwn}{\f105\fs24  yn edrych yn smart.
\par \tab - Wear this cap! }{\b\f105\fs24 This (one)}{\f105\fs24  looks smart.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hon}{\f105\fs24 \~yn ddrud.     (ffrog)\tab \tab 
\par \tab -}{\b\f105\fs24 This}{\f105\fs24  is expensive.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab 'Dw i'n hoffi gwisgo'r got 'ma i'r gwaith. Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hon}{\f105\fs24 \~yn gynnes
\par \tab yn y tywydd oer.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab - I like wearing this coat to work. }{\b\f105\fs24 This (one)}{\f105\fs24  is warm in the cold \tab  \tab \tab weather.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \ri-291\nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'r esgid dde 'ma'n iawn - ond mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hon}{\f105\fs24  - y chwith - yn rhy dynn.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab - This right shoe is alright - but }{\b\f105\fs24 this (one)}{\f105\fs24  - the left - is too tight.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Gwisga'r sgert 'ma!  Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hon}{\f105\fs24  yn ffasiynol.
\par \tab - Wear this skirt!  }{\b\f105\fs24 This (one)}{\f105\fs24  is fashionable.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 \tab 3.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul hwnna / honna\tab   -\tab   that (one)}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 In the same way, we use }{\b\f105\fs24 'hwnna'}{\f105\fs24  to convey a masculine }{\b\f105\fs24 'that (one)'}{\f105\fs24  and we  use }{\b\f105\fs24 'honna'}{\f105\fs24  to convey a feminine }{\b\f105\fs24 
'that (one)'}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ydy }{\b\f105\fs24 hwnna'n}{\f105\fs24  gyfforddus?\tab    (gwely)
\par \tab - Is }{\b\f105\fs24 that}{\f105\fs24  comfortable?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Gwisgwch y crys 'na!  Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 hwnna'n}{\f105\fs24  ffitio'n dda.
\par \tab - Wear that shirt!  }{\b\f105\fs24 That (one)}{\f105\fs24  fits well.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Roedd }{\b\f105\fs24 honna'n}{\f105\fs24  flasus.    (teisen / cacen)\tab \tab 
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 That}{\f105\fs24  was tasty.
\par 
\par \tab Gwisga'r got 'na!  Mae }{\b\f105\fs24 honna'n}{\f105\fs24  gynnes yn y tywydd oer.
\par \tab - Wear that coat!  }{\b\f105\fs24 That (one)}{\f105\fs24  is warm in the cold weather.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab 4.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul y rhain       -\tab     these}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par \tab Used without a noun to convey }{\b\f105\fs24 'these'}{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mae'}{\b\f105\fs24 r}{\f105\fs24  }{\b\f105\fs24 rhain}{\f105\fs24  yn hen.\tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab - These are old.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ydy'}{\b\f105\fs24 r rhain}{\f105\fs24  yn flasus?\tab 
\par \tab - Are }{\b\f105\fs24 these}{\f105\fs24  tasty?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284\tx709 {\f105\fs24 \tab 5.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul y rheina     -      those}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par \tab Used without a noun to convey }{\b\f105\fs24 'those'}{\f105\fs24 
\par \tab 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab Roedd }{\b\f105\fs24 y rheina}{\f105\fs24 'n felys.\tab 
\par }\pard \fi720\nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Those}{\f105\fs24  were sweet.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 \tab 'Dw i'n hoffi'}{\b\f105\fs24 r rheina}{\f105\fs24 .\tab \tab 
\par \tab - I like }{\b\f105\fs24 those}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284\tx709 {\f105\fs24 \tab 6.\tab }{\b\f105\fs24\ul piau\tab    -\tab to own
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 \tab (a)\tab }{\f105\fs24\ul There is a Soft Mutation after \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24\ul Pwy}{\f105\fs24\ul ?\rquote }{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 \tab Pwy }{\b\f105\fs24 b}{\f105\fs24 iau?\tab     -\tab   Who owns?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Pwy biau}{\f105\fs24 'r rhain?     ('sanau)
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Who owns}{\f105\fs24  these?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Pwy biau}{\f105\fs24 'r rheina?     (papurau)
\par \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Who owns}{\f105\fs24  those?
\par \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Pwy biau}{\f105\fs24  hon?     (cardigan)
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab -}{\b\f105\fs24  Who owns}{\f105\fs24  this?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709 {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709\tx1276 {\f105\fs24   \tab (b)\tab }{\f105\fs24\ul We place the name of the owner at the }{\b\f105\fs24\ul beginning}{\f105\fs24\ul  of the sentence}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab }{\f105\fs24\ul There is no mutation}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\f105\fs24 \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Fi }{\f105\fs24 piau\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f105\fs24 I}{\f105\fs24  own
\par \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Tom}{\f105\fs24  piau\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Tom}{\f105\fs24  owns
\par \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Mary }{\f105\fs24 piau\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Mary}{\f105\fs24  owns
\par \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Y plant}{\f105\fs24  piau\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f105\fs24 The}{\f105\fs24  }{\b\f105\fs24 children}{\f105\fs24  own
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab Pwy biau'r rhain?     (llyfrau)
\par \tab \tab - Who owns these?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Fi}{\f105\fs24  piau'r rheina.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 I}{\f105\fs24  own those.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab Pwy biau hwnna?     (car)
\par \tab \tab - Who owns that?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1276\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Tad Mair}{\f105\fs24  piau fe.
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\f105\fs24 Mair\rquote s father}{\f105\fs24  owns it.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \li720\nowidctlpar\tx1276 {\f105\fs24 (c) \tab }{\f105\fs24\ul By placing a question mark at the end and changing the tone}{\f105\fs24   
\par \tab }{\f105\fs24\ul of voice a statement can be turned into a question}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab Fi piau'r rhain.\tab  (brechdanau)
\par \tab - I own these.
\par \tab Fi piau'r rhain}{\b\f105\fs24 ?}{\f105\fs24 \tab 
\par \tab - Do I own these}{\b\f105\fs24 ?}{\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par \tab Mary piau hwnna.\tab (coffi)
\par \tab - Mary owns that.
\par \tab Mary piau hwnna}{\b\f105\fs24 ?}{\f105\fs24 \tab 
\par \tab - Does Mary own that?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab Ti piau'r rhain.     (menig)
\par \tab - You own these.
\par \tab Ti piau'r rhain}{\b\f105\fs24 ?}{\f105\fs24 
\par \tab - Do you own these}{\b\f105\fs24 ?}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 
\par \tab \tab (ch)\tab }{\f105\fs24\ul The way to say \lquote }{\b\f105\fs24\ul Yes / No\rquote }{\f105\fs24\ul  to such a question is}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par }{\b\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx2268 {\b\f105\fs24 \tab Yes\tab   -\tab Ie
\par \tab No\tab   -\tab Nage
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab Mary piau'r rheina?   -\tab }{\b\f105\fs24 Ie}{\f105\fs24 !
\par \tab - Does Mary own those?    -   }{\b\f105\fs24 Yes}{\f105\fs24 ! 
\par \tab - Is it Mary who owns those?  -  }{\b\f105\fs24 Yes}{\f105\fs24 !
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab Chi piau hwnna?   -   }{\b\f105\fs24 Nage}{\f105\fs24 , John!\tab 
\par \tab - Do you own that?   - }{\b\f105\fs24 No}{\f105\fs24 , John!
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1701 {\f105\fs24 \tab Fi piau'r rheina?  -   }{\b\f105\fs24 Ie / Nage}{\f105\fs24 .
\par \tab - Do I own those?  -  }{\b\f105\fs24 Yes / No}{\f105\fs24 .
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx284 {\f105\fs24 \tab 7.\tab }{\f105\fs24\ul Sgwrs}{\f105\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab 
\par \tab Mae Nigel a Basil mewn parti
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab Nigel:\tab \tab Wyt ti'n hoffi'r bwyd 'ma?
\par \tab \tab Basil:\tab \tab Ydw.  Mae'r bwyd 'ma'n neis iawn.  A ti?
\par }\pard \fi720\li720\nowidctlpar\tx2835 {\f105\fs24 Nigel:\tab \tab Ydw, mae'r bwyd 'ma'n rhy neis.  'Dw i'n bwyta           \tab  gormod.
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab Basil:\tab \tab Edrycha ar y rheina!
\par \tab \tab Nigel:\tab \tab Y teisennod 'pinc 'na?
\par \tab \tab Basil:\tab \tab Ie, y rheina.  Mae'r rheina'n edrych yn fendigedig.
\par }\pard \ri-291\nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab Nigel:\tab \tab Maen nhw'n llawn eisin a dydy eisin ddim yn dda i fi.
\par }\pard \ri-432\nowidctlpar {\f105\fs24 \tab \tab Basil:\tab \tab Beth am y rhain - y teisennod plaen 'ma?  Cymera un!
\par }\pard \li1440\nowidctlpar\tx2835 {\f105\fs24 Nigel:\tab \tab YM!  Mae hon yn flasus iawn.  Dim eisin a dim yn  \tab  \tab  rhy felys.  Wyt ti eisiau un?
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\tx1418\tx2835 {\f105\fs24 \tab Basil\tab \tab Nac ydw, dim diolch; mae'n well 'da fi honna - y   \tab \tab \tab  deisen binc 'na.  'Dw i'n hoffi pethau melys.}{\f0\fs24 
\par }}