{\rtf1\ansi \deff12\deflang1033{\fonttbl{\f12\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 New York{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f105\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 Padarn;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar \f12 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \f12 \sbasedon0\snext15 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive\sbasedon10 page number;}} {\info{\title Wythnos 121 (35)}{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2001\mo2\dy26\hr10\min30}{\revtim\yr2002\mo7\dy17\hr16\min46}{\printim\yr2002\mo1\dy9\hr16\min13}{\version14}{\edmins170}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords1130}{\nofchars6443}{\*\company Â鶹Éç} {\vern57395}}\paperw11907\paperh16840\margl1797\margr1797 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart21\hyphhotz0\sprstsp\otblrul\brkfrm\sprstsm\truncex\nolead\msmcap\hyphcaps0 \fet0\sectd \psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts21\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer \pard\plain \s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f12 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024 21}}}{\cs16 \par }\pard \s15\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 \par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5 \pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ri-180\widctlpar\tx3402 \f12 {\b\f105 \tab }{\b\f105\ul GWERS 87 \par }{\b\f105 \par }\pard \ri-180\widctlpar {\b\f105 \par }{\b\f105\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b\f105 }{\b\f105\ul CENNARD DAVIES \par \par }{\b\f105 \par }\pard \ri-1340\widctlpar {\b\f105\ul NOD}{\b\f105 :\tab Adolygu'r negyddol yn yr Amser Gorffennol (Revising the negative \par }\pard \ri-1340\widctlpar\tx851 {\b\f105 \tab in the Past Tense) (cf Gwersi 65 a 66) \par }\pard \ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \ri-180\widctlpar\tx567\tx1080 {\f105 \tab }{\f105\ul Geirfa}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-720\li720\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab penderfynu\tab -\tab to decide\tab cytuno (\'e2)\tab -\tab to agree (with)\tab \tab sylweddoli\tab \tab -\tab to realize\tab dweud \tab -\tab to say \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab teithio\tab \tab -\tab to travel\tab dweud wrth\tab -\tab to tell \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4860\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab talu (am)\tab \tab -\tab to pay (for) \tab coginio\tab -\tab to cook \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab bwyta\tab \tab \tab -\tab to eat\tab \tab yfed\tab -\tab to drink \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4320\tx4860\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab prynu\tab \tab \tab -\tab to buy\tab \tab gwerthu\tab -\tab to sell\tab \par \tab \tab blasu\tab \tab \tab -\tab to taste\tab \tab derbyn\tab -\tab to receive \par \tab \tab holi\tab \tab \tab -\tab to question, \tab postio\tab -\tab to post \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab enquire\tab \tab anfon\tab -\tab to send\tab \par \tab \tab credu\tab \tab \tab -\tab to believe\tab \tab taro\tab -\tab to hit \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2977\tx3686\tx3860\tx4320\tx5103\tx5400\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab clywed\tab \tab -\tab to hear \tab glanhau\tab -\tab to clean \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2977\tx3686\tx3860\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab brwsio\tab \tab -\tab to brush\tab golchi\tab -\tab to wash \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2977\tx3320\tx3686\tx3860\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab dewis\tab \tab -\tab \tab to choose\tab newid\tab -\tab to change \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2977\tx3320\tx3686\tx3860\tx4320\tx5400\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab smwddio\tab -\tab \tab to iron \par \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2977\tx3686\tx3860\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab llwybr\tab \tab -\tab path\tab \tab dwylo\tab -\tab hands \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1276\ri-347\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx3860\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab rhaglen f\tab \tab -\tab programme \tab bwyd\tab -\tab food\tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab brechdan(au) f\tab -\tab sandwich(es)cwrw\tab -\tab beer\tab \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4320\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab siec(iau)\tab f\tab \tab -\tab cheque\tab llythyr(au)\tab -\tab letter \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4320\tx4860\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088 {\f105 \tab \tab brawd\tab \tab \tab -\tab brother\tab \tab ci\tab -\tab dog \par \tab \tab caws\tab \tab \tab -\tab cheese\tab \tab bara\tab -\tab bread \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx3402\tx3686\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab ar ei phen ei hun \tab - \tab on her own\tab \par \tab \tab ar ei ben ei hun \tab - \tab on his own \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par }{\b\f105\ul RHAN 1}{\f105 \par \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\f105 1. \tab}}\pard \fi-420\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\pndec\pnb0\pni0\uldashd\pnf105\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent283\pnhang{\pntxta . }}{\f105\ul In order to change a sentence from positive to negative - drop}{\f105 \par }\pard \li289\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab }{\f105\ul the positive marker \lquote }{\b\f105\ul Fe / Mi\rquote }{\f105\ul and add \lquote }{\b\f105\ul ddim\rquote \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab \par }\pard \fi-993\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul If the verb undergoes a Soft Mutation in the positive, it will keep that \par }{\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul Mutation in the negative (except for }{\b\f105\ul c, p}{\f105\ul and }{\b\f105\ul t}{\f105\ul ) }{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \par \tab \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4253\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab dweud wrth \tab -\tab Fe }{\b\f105 dd}{\f105 ywedais i wrth Tom. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4253\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Dd}{\f105 ywedais i ddim wrth Tom. \par \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4253\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab rhedeg\tab \tab \tab -\tab Mi }{\b\f105 r}{\f105 edais i i'r gwaith. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4253\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 R}{\f105 edais i ddim i'r gwaith. \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi sylweddolodd hi. \par \tab \tab \tab - She realized. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx3402\tx3686\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Sylweddolodd hi ddim}{\f105 . \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 She didn't realize.}{\f105 \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Mi ddywedon nhw wrth y plismon. \par \tab \tab - They told the policeman. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Ddywedon nhw ddim wrth}{\f105 y plismon. \par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 They didn't tell}{\f105 the policeman. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 2.\tab }{\f105\ul If the verb begins with }{\b\f105\ul C, P}{\f105\ul or }{\b\f105\ul T}{\f105\ul , it undergoes an Aspirate Mutation in \par }{\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul the negative}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 c > ch p > ph t > th \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3402\tx4253\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\b\f105 \tab \tab \tab p}{\f105 enderfynu\tab -\tab }{\b\f105 Ph}{\f105 enderfynon nhw ddim \par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 c}{\f105 ytuno\tab \tab \tab - \tab }{\b\f105 Ch}{\f105 ytunais i ddim \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx3402\tx4253\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 t}{\f105 eithio}{\b\f105 \tab \tab \tab -\tab Th}{\f105 eithiodd hi ddim \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Fe gytunais i \'e2 nhw. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - I agreed with them. \par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Chytunais i ddim}{\f105 \'e2 nhw. \par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 I didn't agree}{\f105 with them. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020\tx9498 {\f105 \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Mi benderfynon ni ddoe. \par \tab \tab \tab - We decided yesterday. \par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Phenderfynon ni ddim}{\f105 ddoe. \par \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 We didn't decide}{\f105 yesterday. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Fe deithiodd hi ar ei phen ei hun. \par \tab \tab \tab - She travelled on her own. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Theithiodd hi ddim}{\f105 ar ei phen ei hun. \par }\pard \ri-980\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 She didn't travel}{\f105 on her own. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5387\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-710\li426\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 3.\tab }{\f105\ul Notice the stem of }{\b\f105\ul 'dweud' \par }{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3402\tx4320\tx4860\tx5387\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab dweud\tab \tab -\tab }{\b\f105 dywed--\tab }{\f105 -\tab Fe }{\b\f105 ddywedodd}{\f105 hi \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5387\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab Mi }{\b\f105 ddywedais}{\f105 i \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }{\b\f105 \par }{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 4.\tab }{\f105\ul In English we often use the word }{\b\f105\ul 'some'}{\f105\ul or }{\b\f105\ul 'any'}{\f105\ul with an }{ \b\f105\ul indefinite}{\f105\ul \par }{\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul object}{\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-851\li567\ri-180\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul There is no need to translate those words into Welsh}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab \tab \tab Fe fwytais i fara. \par \tab \tab \tab - I ate }{\b\f105 (some)}{\f105 bread. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-709\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Fwytais i ddim bara. \par }\pard \fi-709\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab - I didn't eat }{\b\f105 (any)}{\f105 bread. \par }\pard \fi-709\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-709\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 5.\tab }{\f105\ul When the }{\b\f105\ul object}{\f105\ul of a past tense negative verb is }{\b\f105\ul indefinite}{\f105\ul then we use }{\b\f105\ul 'ddim'}{\f105\ul , as you know}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Werthodd hi }{\b\f105 ddim bwyd}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab - She didn't sell (any) }{\b\f105 food}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab Yfon nhw }{\b\f105 ddim cwrw. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\b\f105 \tab \tab -}{\f105 They didn't drink (any) }{\b\f105 beer.}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par \par \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab \tab }{\f105\ul When the }{\b\f105\ul object}{\f105\ul of a past tense negative verb is }{\b\f105\ul definite}{\f105\ul , then we \par }{\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul use }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Werthodd hi }{\b\f105 mo'r bwyd}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - She didn't sell }{\b\f105 the food. \par }{\f105 \par \tab \tab \tab Yfon nhw }{\b\f105 mo'r cwrw}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab - They didn't drink }{\b\f105 the beer}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab }{\f105\ul Look at the difference between the following pairs of negative \par }{\f105 \tab }{\f105\ul sentences}{\f105 \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \par \tab \tab \tab Fwytais i }{\b\f105 ddim caws}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab - I didn't eat (any) }{\b\f105 cheese}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Fwytais i }{\b\f105 mo'r caws}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - We didn't eat }{\b\f105 the cheese}{\f105 . \par \par \tab \tab \tab Phrynodd hi }{\b\f105 ddim t\'fe}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab - She didn't buy }{\b\f105 a house}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab Phrynodd hi }{\b\f105 mo\rquote r t\'fe}{\f105 . \par \tab \tab \tab - She didn't buy }{\b\f105 the house}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Choginion ni }{\b\f105 ddim bwyd}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1560\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - We didn't cook (any)}{\b\f105 food}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Choginion ni }{\b\f105 mo'r bwyd}{\f105 . \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - We didn't cook }{\b\f105 the food}{\f105 . \par \par \par \par }{\b\f105\ul RHAN 2}{\f105 \par \par \par }\pard \fi-709\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 1.\tab }{\f105\ul Because a person's name or a place name or a title (known as a 'proper noun') is }{\b\f105\ul definite}{\f105\ul , we use }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'}{\f105\ul in the negative pattern}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1560\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Chlywais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 Sam. \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - I didn't hear Sam. \par \par \tab \tab \tab Thrawon nhw }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 Sara. \par \tab \tab \tab - They didn't hit Sara. \par \par \tab \tab \tab Ddarllenais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 'War and Peace'. \par \tab \tab \tab - I didn't read 'War and Peace'. \par \par \tab \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 T\'f0r Eiffel. \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab - I didn't see the Eiffel Tower. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1560\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Holais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 Tom. \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - I didn't question Tom. \par \par \tab \tab \tab Chredodd hi }{\b\f105 mo }{\f105 Mari. \par \tab \tab \tab - She didn't believe Mari. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-709\li709\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx851\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 2.\tab }{\f105\ul The }{\b\f105\ul definite object }{\f105\ul could, of course, be preceded by personal pronouns like \lquote }{ \b\f105\ul my\rquote }{\f105\ul , \lquote }{\b\f105\ul your\rquote , \lquote his\rquote , \lquote her\rquote , \lquote our\rquote , }{\f105\ul and }{\b\f105\ul \lquote their\rquote }{\f105\ul (instead of \lquote }{\b\f105\ul the\rquote }{\f105 ) \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-142\li-142\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo'r}{\f105 llyfr. \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - I didn't see }{\b\f105 the}{\f105 book. \par \tab \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo dy}{\f105 lyfr. \par \tab \tab \tab - I didn't see }{\b\f105 your}{\f105 book. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Phostiais i }{\b\f105 mo'r}{\f105 llythyr. \par \tab \tab \tab - I didn't post }{\b\f105 the}{\f105 letter. \par \tab \tab \tab Phostiais i }{\b\f105 mo fy}{\f105 llythyr. \par }\pard \fi-1276\li1276\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab - I didn't post }{\b\f105 my}{\f105 letter.\tab \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx851\tx1134\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab (a)\tab \lquote }{\b\f105\ul fy\rquote + Nasal Mutation}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx540\tx851\tx1134\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab \tab \tab \tab e.g. \lquote fy }{\b\f105 nghi}{\f105 fy }{\b\f105 mrawd }{\f105 fy }{\b\f105 nhad \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Holodd hi }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 }{\b\f105 fy m}{\f105 rawd. \par \tab \tab \tab - She didn't question }{\b\f105 my}{\f105 brother. \par \par \tab \tab \tab Anfonais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 }{\b\f105 fy}{\f105 }{\b\f105 mh}{\f105 arsel. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - I didn't send }{\b\f105 my}{\f105 parcel. \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1134\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab (b)\tab }{\b\f105\ul \lquote dy\rquote + Soft Mutation \par }{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab e.g. dy }{\b\f105 g}{\f105 i dy }{\b\f105 f}{\f105 rawd dy }{\b\f105 d}{\f105 ad. \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab \tab \tab Threwais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 }{\b\f105 dy f}{\f105 rawd. \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - I didn't hit }{\b\f105 your}{\f105 brother. \par \par \tab \tab \tab Dderbyniais i }{\b\f105 mo}{\f105 }{\b\f105 dy l}{\f105 ythyr. \par \tab \tab \tab - I didn't receive }{\b\f105 your}{\f105 letter. \par }\pard \qr\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab (c)\tab }{\b\f105\ul 'ei'}{\f105\ul (his) + Soft Mutation}{\f105 \par \par \tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo ei'}{\f105\ul \tab is abbreviated to\tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'i' \par \par }{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab Olchodd e }{\b\f105 mo'i w}{\f105 allt neithiwr. \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - He didn't wash }{\b\f105 his}{\f105 hair last night. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Lanheuaist ti }{\b\f105 mo'i dd}{\f105 illad. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - You didn't clean }{\b\f105 his}{\f105 clothes. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Ddewisodd e }{\b\f105 mo'i}{\f105 }{\b\f105 f}{\f105 rawd. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab - He didn't choose }{\b\f105 his}{\f105 brother. \par \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Welodd e }{\b\f105 mo'i b}{\f105 lant. \par \tab \tab \tab - He didn\rquote t see }{\b\f105 his }{\f105 children. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Ffoniodd e }{\b\f105 mo'i d}{\f105 ad. \par \tab \tab \tab - He didn\rquote t telephone }{\b\f105 his }{\f105 father. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx567\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab (ch)\tab }{\b\f105\ul 'ei' (her) + Aspirate Mutation}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo ei'}{\f105\ul \tab is abbreviated to\tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'i' \par \par }{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Olchodd hi }{\b\f105 mo'i}{\f105 gwallt neithiwr. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - She didn't wash }{\b\f105 her}{\f105 hair last night. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Newidiodd hi }{\b\f105 mo'i}{\f105 }{\b\f105 ch}{\f105 ot. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - She didn't change }{\b\f105 her}{\f105 coat. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Frwsioch chi }{\b\f105 mo'i}{\f105 llwybr. \par \tab \tab \tab - You didn't brush }{\b\f105 her}{\f105 path. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Ffoniodd hi mo}{\b\f105 'i th}{\f105 ad. \par \tab \tab \tab - She didn\rquote t telephone }{\b\f105 her }{\f105 father. \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1134\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab Welodd hi mo}{\b\f105 'i ph}{\f105 lant. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab - She didn\rquote t see }{\b\f105 her }{\f105 children. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \tab (d)\tab }{\b\f105\ul There is no mutation after \lquote ein\rquote , \lquote eich\rquote or \lquote eu\rquote }{\f105 \par \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo ein'}{\f105\ul \tab is abbreviated to }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'n' \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Ddewison nhw }{\b\f105 mo'n}{\f105 plant. \par \tab \tab \tab - They didn't choose }{\b\f105 our}{\f105 children. \par }{\b\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo eich'\tab }{\f105\ul is abbreviated to }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'ch' \par \par \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Olchoch chi }{\b\f105 mo'ch}{\f105 gwallt. \par \tab \tab \tab - You didn't wash }{\b\f105 your}{\f105 hair. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }{\b\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'mo eu' }{\f105\ul is abbreviated to }{\b\f105\ul 'mo'u'}{\f105 \par \tab \par \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Olchon nhw }{\b\f105 mo'u}{\f105 dwylo. \par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab - They didn't wash }{\b\f105 their}{\f105 hands. \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab 3.\tab }{\f105\ul The stem of some verbs need special attention. It may be easier \par }{\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105\ul to learn the past tense of such verbs parrot fashion.}{\f105 \tab \tab \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1418\li1418\ri-180\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab (a)\tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'taro'}{\f105\ul (to hit, strike)\tab -\tab }{\b\f105\ul trew-- / traw--}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1985\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5300\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi }{\b\f105 drew}{\f105 ais i\tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi }{\b\f105 draw}{\f105 on ni \par \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi }{\b\f105 drew}{\f105 aist ti\tab \tab Fe / Mi }{\b\f105 draw}{\f105 och chi \par \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi }{\b\f105 draw}{\f105 odd e(o)/hi \tab Fe / Mi }{\b\f105 draw}{\f105 on nhw. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5300\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1418\li1418\ri-180\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5300\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab (b)\tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'derbyn'}{\f105\ul (to receive) \tab \tab -\tab derbyn}{\b\f105\ul i}{\f105\ul --}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5300\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5300\tx5760\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe }{\b\f105 dderbyni}{\f105 ais i \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5300\tx5760\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe }{\b\f105 dderbyni}{\f105 odd hi}{\b\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\b\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1418\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab (c)\tab \tab \lquote }{\b\f105\ul glanhau\rquote }{\f105\ul (to clean)\tab - glanh}{\b\f105\ul eu}{\f105\ul -- \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1418\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Lanheu}{\f105 odd hi mo'r carped. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Lanheu}{\f105 on nhw mo'u car. \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-1340\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5220\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020\tx7460\tx7740 {\f105 \tab 4.\tab }{\f105\ul Sylwch - Notice:}{\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-1340\widctlpar\tx540\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5220\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020\tx7460\tx7740 {\f105 \par \par \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo fy ngh}{\f105 ar\tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 my}{\f105 car \par \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo dy g}{\f105 ar\tab \tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 your}{\f105 car \par \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo'i g}{\f105 ar\tab \tab \tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 his}{\f105 car \par \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo'i ch}{\f105 ar\tab \tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 her}{\f105 car \par \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo'n }{\f105 car\tab \tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 our}{\f105 car \par \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo'ch}{\f105 car\tab \tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 your}{\f105 car \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx540\tx709\tx1134\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Welais i }{\b\f105 mo'u}{\f105 car\tab \tab -\tab I didn't see }{\b\f105 their}{\f105 car \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx284\tx540\tx709\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par \par \tab 5.\tab \tab }{\f105\ul Sgwrs}{\f105 \par }\pard \ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1985\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Alys:\tab Welaist ti Mari ar y teledu neithiwr? \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1620\tx1985\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Bryn:\tab Naddo, yn anffodus, a chlywais i mo'i rhaglen ar y radio yr \tab \tab wythnos diwethaf chwaith. \par \tab \tab Alys:\tab Roedd hi'n ardderchog ond chanodd hi ddim caneuon \tab \tab \tab Cymraeg o gwbl. \par \tab \tab Bryn:\tab Chanodd hi mo 'Clychau Aberdyfi' (The Bells of Aberdyfi)? Mae \tab \tab hi'n canu honna fel arfer. \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1620\tx1985\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Alys:\tab Naddo - a ddeallais i ddim gair o'r caneuon opera. \par \tab \tab Bryn:\tab 'Dw i ddim yn deall Eidaleg chwaith. \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1620\tx1985\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \tab \tab Alys:\tab Nac wyt, ond rwyt ti'n gallu canu. Chwarae teg, rwyt ti'n \tab \tab swnio fel Pavarotti yn y bath weithiau. \par \tab \tab Bryn:\tab Eisteddodd hwnnw ddim mewn bath ers blynyddoedd. Mae \tab \tab e'n rhy dew. \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \qr\fi-1080\li1080\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1620\tx2160\tx3060\tx3420\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5660\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020\tx7460\tx7740 {\f105 \tab \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-1340\widctlpar\tx540\tx1620\tx2160\tx3060\tx3420\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5660\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020\tx7460\tx7740 {\f105 \tab chwaith\tab \tab -\tab either\tab \tab \tab yn anffodus\tab \tab -\tab unfortunately \par \tab ardderchog\tab -\tab excellent, superb caneuon\tab \tab \tab -\tab songs \par \tab honna\tab \tab -\tab that one (fem.)\tab fel arfer\tab \tab \tab -\tab usually \par \tab deall\tab \tab \tab -\tab to understand\tab gair\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab word \par \tab Eidaleg\tab \tab -\tab Italian\tab \tab \tab chwarae teg\tab \tab -\tab fair play \par \tab swnio fel\tab \tab -\tab to sound like\tab ers blynyddoedd\tab -\tab for years \par \tab hwnnw\tab \tab -\tab he (that one)\tab \par }\pard \fi-1080\li1080\ri-1340\widctlpar\tx540\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3240\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx5220\tx6120\tx6660\tx7020\tx7460\tx7740 {\f105 \tab \par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-180\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx3860\tx4320\tx4860\tx6660\tx7020 {\f105 \par }\pard \widctlpar \par }