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page number;}}{\info{\title Wythnos 152 (23)}{\author Â鶹Éç}{\operator Â鶹Éç}{\creatim\yr2001\mo2\dy22\hr10\min27}{\revtim\yr2002\mo7\dy17\hr16\min49}{\printim\yr2001\mo3\dy12\hr12\min38}{\version5}{\edmins9}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords808}{\nofchars4609}
{\*\company Â鶹Éç}{\vern57395}}\paperw11900\paperh16840 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\pgnstart71\hyphhotz0\hyphcaps0 \fet0\sectd \sbknone\pgnrestart\pgnstarts71\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere {\footer \pard\plain 
\s16\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0 \f12 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17 page  }}{\fldrslt {\cs17\lang1024 71}}}{\cs17 
\par }\pard \s16\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306 
\par }{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2880\tx3240\tx3402\tx3686\tx5660\tx7200\tx7640 \f12 {\b\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105\ul GWERS 94
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2880\tx3240\tx5660\tx7200\tx7640 {\b\f105 
\par \tab \tab          
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx567\tx720\tx1260\tx2880\tx3240\tx5660\tx7200\tx7640 {\b\f105\ul CYFLWYNYDD:}{\b\f105      }{\b\f105\ul ANN M. JONES
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx720\tx1260\tx2880\tx3240\tx5660\tx7200\tx7640 {\b\f105 
\par 
\par }{\b\f105\ul NOD}{\b\f105 :\tab   \lquote Efallai\rquote  ac  \lquote Onibai\rquote 
\par }{\f105 
\par }\pard \widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2880\tx3240\tx5660\tx7200\tx7640 {\f105 
\par  \tab }{\f105\ul Geirfa
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2977\tx5103\tx6521\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx5954\tx6521\tx7088\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab cr\'efo\tab \tab -\tab to cry \tab colli\tab \tab -\tab to lose, miss\tab 
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx5103\tx6521\tx7088\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab syrthio\tab \tab -\tab to fall\tab cyrraedd\tab - \tab to arrive
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4680\tx5103\tx6300\tx6521\tx7088\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab colli\tab \tab \tab -\tab to miss\tab \tab anghofio\tab \tab -\tab to forget
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx5103\tx6521\tx6660\tx7088\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab                to lose\tab boddi\tab -\tab \tab to drown
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4680\tx5103\tx6300\tx6521\tx7088\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab glaw\tab \tab \tab -\tab rain\tab \tab damwain   f\tab -\tab accident
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3544\tx3686\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab pen-blwydd\tab \tab -\tab \tab birthday
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2977\tx3686\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab cyfoethog\tab \tab -\tab wealthy, rich
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\ri-540\keepn\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \b\f105\ul RHAN 1
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \tab 1.\tab {\b\f105\ul efallai \tab  -\tab     perhaps, maybe
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105\ul 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 
\par \pard\plain \ri-1690\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab }{\b\f105\ul 'Efallai'}{\f105\ul  (usually pronounced }{\b\f105\ul 'falle}{\f105\ul ) is followed by\~the \lquote }{\b\f105\ul bod}{\f105\ul 
\rquote  pattern (}{\b\f105\ul 'that')}{\f105\ul  in Welsh}{\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab (}{\f105\ul Do you remember the }{\b\f105\ul 'bod'}{\f105\ul  forms}{\f105 ?
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab fy mod i\tab ein bod ni
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab dy fod ti\tab eich bod chi
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab bod Tom/Mair\tab eu bod nhw
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab ei bod hi
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab ei fod e (o)
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx4820\tx5220\tx5529\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 bod Mair\tab }{\f105 -\tab \tab Perhaps }{\b\f105 Mair is / was
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 eu bod nhw}{\f105              -        Perhaps }{\b\f105 they are / were
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \tab 2.\tab {\f105\ul We can use an adjective or a short phrase to complete the sentence}{\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai bod y plant }{\b\f105 yn y parc}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \li1275\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 - Perhaps (that) the children are }{\b\f105 in the park}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \li1275\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab \tab Efallai eu bod nhw{\b 'n s\'e2l.}
\par \pard\plain \li1275\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 - Maybe (that) they\rquote re }{\b\f105 ill}{\f105 .
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 Efallai bod y ffilm }{\b\f105 yn well na'r llyfr}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \li1275\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 - Maybe (that) the film is }{\b\f105 better than the book}{\f105 .
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Ble mae Bethan?  
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai ei bod hi }{\b\f105 yn y t\'fe}{\f105 .
\par \tab \tab - Maybe (that) she's }{\b\f105 in the house}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Ble mae'r papurau?
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai eu bod nhw }{\b\f105 dan y bwrdd}{\f105 .
\par \tab \tab - Perhaps (that) they are }{\b\f105 under the table}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Ble mae John?
\par \pard\plain \li1275\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 Efallai ei fod}{\b\f105  }{\f105 e }{\b\f105 yn y tafarn.
\par }{\f105 - Maybe (that) he\rquote s}{\b\f105  in the pub.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab 3.\tab }{\f105\ul A Present Tense verb can be used also}{\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai eich bod chi}{\b\f105 'n 'nabod}{\f105  John.
\par }\pard \li1275\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 - Pehaps }{\b\f105 you know }{\f105 John.
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Efallai ei fod e}{\b\f105 'n gweithio}{\f105 'n hwyr.}{\b\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 - Maybe he\lquote s }{\b\f105 working }{\f105 late.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \li285\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx705\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 3.\tab }{\f105\ul A Past (wedi) Tense verb can be used also
\par }\pard \li285\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai bod y tr\'ean }{\b\f105 wedi mynd}{\f105 .
\par \tab \tab - Perhaps the train }{\b\f105 has gone}{\f105 .
\par 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab Efallai ei bod hi }{\b\f105 wedi colli}{\f105 'r bws.}{\b\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 - Maybe she }{\b\f105 has missed }{\f105 the bus.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Ble maen nhw?
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai eu bod nhw }{\b\f105 wedi cysgu}{\f105 'n hwyr.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab - Perhaps (that) they {\b have slept} late.
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Pam mae Rhian yn cr\'efo?
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai ei bod hi }{\b\f105 wedi syrthio}{\f105 .
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab - Perhaps (that) she {\b has fallen}.
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par }\pard \qr\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\fi-705\li705\ri-1240\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 {\f12 \tab 4..\tab }{\ul Notice that when a }{\b\ul long}{\ul  or }{\b\ul short}{\ul  }{\b\ul Future}{\ul  }{\b\ul 
Tense}{\ul  verb is used, we use }{\b\ul 'y / yr' }{\ul after }{\b\ul 'efallai'}{\ul  (and not the }{\b\ul 'bod'}{\ul  forms)
\par }\pard \s15\fi-705\li705\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\ul 
\par 
\par }\tab \tab (a)\tab {\b\ul Long verbs}
\par \pard\plain \li705\ri-540\widctlpar\tx709\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y byddan nhw}{\f105 'n cael cinio yn y dre'.
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Perhaps (that)}{\b\f105  they will be }{\f105 having lunch in town.
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y byddwn ni}{\f105 'n rhy gynnar.
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Maybe (that) }{\b\f105 we\rquote ll be }{\f105 too early.
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y bydd}{\f105  y }{\b\f105 tywydd}{\f105  yn well yfory.
\par \tab \tab - Maybe the }{\b\f105 weather will be }{\f105 better tomorrow.
\par }\pard \qr\fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Pryd byddan nhw'n cyrraedd?
\par \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y byddan nhw}{\f105 'n cyrraedd cyn cinio.
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Perhaps (that) }{\b\f105 they will be arriving}{\f105  before lunch.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Sut bydd y tywydd yn Tenerife?
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Efallai {\b y bydd hi}'n boeth.
\par \tab \tab - Perhaps (that{\b ) it will be} hot.
\par \pard \s15\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \li705\ri-540\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1275\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 (b)\tab }{\b\f105\ul Short verbs
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y gweli di}{\f105  Tom yn y dre'.
\par \tab \tab - Perhaps (that) }{\b\f105 you\rquote ll see }{\f105 Tom in town.
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 yr enilliff}{\f105  }{\b\f105 Pontypridd}{\f105  y g\'eam.
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Maybe (that) }{\b\f105 Pontypridd will win }{\f105 the match.
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y cawn ni}{\f105  dywydd braf yn Ffrainc.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Perhaps (that) }{\b\f105 we\rquote ll have }{\f105 fine weather in France.
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab Pryd byddan nhw'n cyrraedd?
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 \tab \tab Efallai }{\b\f105 y cyrhaeddan nhw}{\f105  cyn cinio.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab \tab - Perhaps (that{\b ) they will arrive} before lunch.
\par 
\par 
\par \pard \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx1701\tx2520\tx2880\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \tab {\ul Remember that the direct object of a \lquote short\rquote  verb undergoes a Soft Mutation}
\par \pard\plain \s1\ri-540\keepn\widctlpar\tx284\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \b\f105\ul RHAN 2
\par \pard\plain \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx1620\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx5220\tx7200\tx7560\tx8540 \f105 \tab 1.\tab {\b\ul onibai (am)     \tab -\tab    were it not (for)}
\par \pard\plain \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 \f12 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab }{\f105\ul \lquote }{\b\f105\ul Onibai}{\f105\ul \rquote  is usually followed by \lquote }{\b\f105\ul am}{\f105\ul \rquote  
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx5670\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab \tab Onibai am}{\f105  y glaw\tab - \tab }{\b\f105 Were it not for}{\f105  the rain
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Onibai am}{\f105  John\tab - \tab }{\b\f105 Were it not for}{\f105  John 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx540\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 2.\tab \tab }{\f105\ul Do you remember the personal forms of }{\b\f105\ul 'am'?
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx709\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab am}{\b\f105 dana(f) i}{\f105 \tab am}{\b\f105 danon ni}{\f105 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab am}{\b\f105 danat ti\tab }{\f105 am}{\b\f105 danoch chi
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f105 am Tom, y car\tab am}{\b\f105 danyn nhw
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f105 am}{\b\f105 dano fe(fo)\tab }{\f105 am}{\b\f105 danyn nhw}{\f105 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab am}{\b\f105 dani hi
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5670\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab \tab }{\f105 onibai }{\b\f105 amdani hi}{\f105 \tab \tab -\tab \tab were it not }{\b\f105 for her}{\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1701\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx5670\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab onibai }{\b\f105 amdanyn nhw}{\f105 \tab -\tab were it not }{\b\f105 for them}{\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \li285\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx705\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 3.\tab }{\f105\ul The }{\b\f105\ul 'would'}{\f105\ul  forms are normally used after }{\b\f105\ul 'onibai'
\par }\pard \li285\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi faswn i'n . . .\tab \tab Fe / Mi fasen ni'n . . .
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi faset ti'n . . .\tab \tab Fe / Mi fasech chi'n . . .
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi fasai Bill yn . . .\tab \tab Fe / Mi fasen nhw'n . . .
\par }\pard \fi-1620\li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Fe / Mi fasai e(o)/hi'n . . .
\par 
\par \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Onibai amdana' i}{\f105 , fe fasen ni\rquote n colli'r bws.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 Were it not for me}{\f105 , we would miss the bus.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab Onibai amdanat ti,}{\f105  fe fasai hi'n mynd i America.
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for you}{\f105 , she would go to America.}{\b\f105 \tab }{\f105 
\par }\pard \li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab Onibai am}{\f105  y glaw, fe fasen ni'n gallu mynd i'r parc.
\par }\pard \ri-1160\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for}{\f105  the rain, we would be able (could) to go to the park.
\par }\pard \li1620\ri-1160\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab Onibai am}{\f105  y plant, fe fasen ni'n gyfoethog!
\par \tab \tab - }{\b\f105 Were it not for}{\f105  the children,\~we would be wealthy!
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Fe fasai hi'n dawel yn y t\'fe, }{\b\f105 onibai amdanyn nhw}{\f105 .
\par \tab \tab - It would be quiet in the house, }{\b\f105 were it not for them.
\par }\pard \qr\fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 4.\tab }{\f105\ul The word order in a sentence can vary, as it can in English}{\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab }{\b\f105 Onibai am y tywydd,}{\f105  fe fasen ni'n mynd i'r dre'.
\par }{\b\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for the weather, }{\f105 we\rquote d go to town.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx426\tx709\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab \tab Fa fasen ni'n mynd i'r dre', }{\b\f105 onibai am}{\f105  }{\b\f105 y tywydd.}{\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab - }{\f105 We\rquote d go to town, }{\b\f105 were it not for the weather.}{\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx284\tx709\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab 5.\tab }{\f105\ul By changing }{\b\f105\ul 'yn'}{\f105\ul  to }{\b\f105\ul 'wedi'}{\f105\ul  we can change the tense}{\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab . . . . fe fasen ni}{\b\f105 'n}{\f105  mynd\tab \tab -\tab we would }{\b\f105 go}{\f105 
\par \tab \tab . . . . fe fasen ni }{\b\f105 wedi}{\f105  mynd\tab \tab -\tab we would }{\b\f105 have gone
\par }{\f105 
\par \tab \tab . . . . fe fasai hi}{\b\f105 'n}{\f105  gweld\tab \tab -\tab she would }{\b\f105 see}{\f105 
\par \tab \tab . . . . fe fasai hi }{\b\f105 wedi}{\f105  gweld\tab \tab -\tab she would }{\b\f105 have seen}{\f105 
\par 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 Onibai amdani hi, fe fasech chi }{\b\f105 wedi anghofio}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 - Were it not for her, you would }{\b\f105 have forgotten}{\f105 .
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab }{\f105 \tab Onibai amdano fe (fo), fe fasen nhw }{\b\f105 wedi cael}{\f105  damwain.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for him, they would }{\b\f105 have had}{\f105  an accident.
\par }\pard \li1620\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 Onibai amdanat ti, fe fasen ni }{\b\f105 wedi colli}{\f105 'r g\'eam.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for you, we would }{\b\f105 have lost}{\f105  the match (game).
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 \tab \tab }{\f105 Onibai am John, fe faswn i }{\b\f105 wedi anghofio}{\f105  pen-blwydd Mair.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for John, I would }{\b\f105 have forgotten}{\f105  Mair's birthday.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1701\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab  
\par }\pard \ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Onibai amdanon ni, fe fasai Si\'e2n }{\b\f105 wedi gallu}{\f105  mynd i'r parti.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - Were it not for us, Si\'e2n would }{\b\f105 have been able to}{\f105  go to the party.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4680\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab Fe fasai'r plentyn}{\b\f105  wedi boddi}{\f105 ,\~onibai amdanoch chi.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1276\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab \tab - The child would }{\b\f105 have drowned}{\f105 , were it not for you.
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\b\f105 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\f105 \tab \tab \tab }{\b\f105 
\par }\pard \qr\fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 
\par }\pard \fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 
\par }\pard \qr\fi-1800\li1800\ri-540\widctlpar\tx540\tx1080\tx2160\tx2520\tx2880\tx4320\tx4680\tx5040\tx5400\tx5760\tx6300\tx6660\tx8540 {\f105 \tab 
\par }}