{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1 \deff0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;} {\f28\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f29\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f31\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f32\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;} {\f33\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f34\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f35\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f36\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f37\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;} {\f39\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f40\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f41\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f42\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f43\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}} {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0; \red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f1\fs28\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 1;}{ \s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\f1\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 2;}{\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f1\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 4;}{\s5\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 5;}{\s6\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 6;}{\s7\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 7;}{ \s8\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \i\f1\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 8;}{\s9\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\f1\fs18\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 9;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 page number;}{\*\cs17 \additive \fs16 \sbasedon10 annotation reference;}{\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext18 annotation text;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \snext19 麻豆社Text;}{ \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon19 \snext19 麻豆社Headings;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon19 \snext21 麻豆社Footer;}{\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext22 header;}}{\info{\title -----Original Message-----}{\author 麻豆社}{\operator 麻豆社}{\creatim\yr2002\mo1\dy21\hr15\min34}{\revtim\yr2002\mo1\dy21\hr15\min37}{\printim\yr2002\mo1\dy2\hr10\min8}{\version3}{\edmins4}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords2095}{\nofchars11943} {\*\company 麻豆社}{\nofcharsws14666}{\vern8247}}\paperw11907\paperh16840\margl1701\margr1134\margt1418\margb1418 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\hyphhotz357\lytprtmet\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow1\dgvshow0 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale115\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\bdrrlswsix\nolnhtadjtbl\oldas \fet0\sectd \psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl {\header \pard\plain \s22\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 { \par }}{\footer \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phpg\posx8352\posnegy-62\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cs16\b Catchphrase - Wythnos }{\b\f1 70}{\cs16\b - } {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16\b PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof 1}}}{\cs16\b \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\nooverflow\faroman\rin360\lin0\itap0 { \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1418\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs32 Catchphrase 2002 - Wythnos }{\b\f1\fs32 70}{\b\f1\fs32 \line }{\b\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1 Week }{\b\f1 70}{\b\f1 , Monday. Today we\rquote ll learn: \par }{\i\f1 cafodd e ei anfon, cafodd e ei bostio, postio, e-bost, e-bostio, cyflenwyr, pennaeth \par }{\f1 \par Remember that}{\i\f1 e}{\f1 and }{\i\f1 hi}{\f1 , as well as meaning he and she can also mean it. Let\rquote s look at some masculine words to begin. }{\i\f1 Cafodd e ei gario}{\f1 - this could mean (he was carried), or it was carried. }{\i\f1 Cafodd y bag ei gario}{\f1 - (the bag was carried). Let\rquote s take another masculine noun: }{\i\f1 e-bost}{\f1 . It\rquote s the Welsh for e-mail. }{\i\f1 Cafodd yr e-bost ei anfon}{\f1 - (the e-mail was sent). }{\i\f1 Cafodd e ei anfon}{\f1 - (it was sent). You could also ask a question: }{\i\f1 gafodd yr e-bost ei anfon?}{\f1 - (was the e-mail sent?) }{\i\f1 Gafodd e ei anfon?}{\f1 - (was it sent?). You can also look out for the verb }{\i\f1 e-bostio}{\f1 - (to e-mail). And simply } {\i\f1 postio}{\f1 - (to post). }{\i\f1 Cyflenwyr }{\f1 are suppliers. }{\i\f1 Y pennaeth}{\f1 is the person in charge, the head person. If you remember, they\rquote ve received a new order at Guto\rquote s work from a company called Millers. Guto \rquote s asking about progress. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\b\f1 Listen to the dialogue}{\i\f1 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Sut mae\rquote r contract newydd yn mynd, Bethan? \par Bethan - Mae popeth yn iawn, Guto. Paid \'e2 phoeni. Dw i wedi trefnu popeth. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Dw i\rquote n falch o glywed. Ond beth am yr e-bost pwysig \rquote na i\rquote r pennaeth? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Bethan - Cafodd e ei anfon ddydd Gwener. \par Guto - O. A\rquote r llythyr i\rquote r cyflenwyr? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Bethan - Cafodd e ei ysgrifennu ddydd Iau a\rquote i bostio ddydd Gwener. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Mae popeth YN iawn te? \par Bethan - Ydy. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Wel, pam cafodd Phil Huws ei e-bostio gan Millers y bore \rquote ma yn gofyn beth oedd yn bod? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \par }{\i\f1 Sut mae\rquote r contract newydd yn mynd?}{\f1 - (how\rquote s the new contract going?) Bethan can do without Guto interfering. }{\i\f1 Mae popeth yn iawn}{\f1 - (everything\rquote s fine). }{\i\f1 Paid \'e2 phoeni}{\f1 - (don\rquote t worry). }{\i\f1 Dw i wedi trefnu popeth}{\f1 - (I\rquote ve sorted everything out). }{\i\f1 Dw i\rquote n falch o glywed}{\f1 - (I\rquote m glad to hear). }{\i\f1 Ond beth am yr e-bost pwysig \rquote na i\rquote r pennaeth?}{\f1 - (but what about that important e-mail to the boss?) }{\i\f1 Cafodd e ei anfon ddydd Gwener}{\f1 - (it was sent on Friday). }{\i\f1 A\rquote r llythyr i\rquote r cyflenwyr?}{\f1 - (and the letter to the suppliers?) }{\i\f1 Llythyr}{\f1 is a masculine word, so Bethan answers }{\i\f1 cafodd e ei ysgrifennu ddydd Iau a\rquote i bostio ddydd Gwener }{\f1 - (it was written on Thursday and posted on Friday). Guto asks: }{\i\f1 pam cafodd Phil Huws ei e-bostio gan Millers y bore \rquote ma yn gofyn beth oedd yn bod? }{\f1 - (why was Phil Huws e-mailed by Millers this morning asking what was wrong?) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1 Week }{\b\f1 70}{\b\f1 , Tuesday. Today we\rquote ll learn \par }{\i\f1 cafodd e ei fwyta, ennyd, llosgi, y gath, dathlu, pen-blwydd \par }{\f1 \par Let\rquote s look at some more examples of the passive with }{\i\f1 e}{\f1 when it means it. }{\i\f1 Y llythyr}{\f1 - (the letter), is masculine, so how do you say the letter was sent? }{\i\f1 Cafodd y llythyr ei anfon}{\f1 . It was sent: }{\i\f1 cafodd e ei anfon. Llosgi}{\f1 is a verb we haven\rquote t heard yet. It means to burn. }{\i\f1 Y cig oen}{\f1 - (the lamb) - is masculine. }{\i\f1 Cafodd y cig oen ei losgi}{\f1 - (the lamb was burnt). }{\i\f1 Cafodd e ei losgi}{\f1 - (it was burnt). The soft mutation of double L - ll is single L. }{\i\f1 Bwyta}{\f1 , as you\rquote ll remember, is the verb to eat, and }{\i\f1 bwyd}{\f1 is food. It\rquote s masculine. }{\i\f1 Cafodd y bwyd ei fwyta}{\f1 - (the food was eaten). }{\i\f1 Cafodd e ei fwyta}{\f1 - (it was eaten). Some new vocabulary now. We\rquote ve heard the phrase }{\i\f1 pen-blwydd priodas}{\f1 before - it means wedding anniversay. So }{\i\f1 pen-blwydd }{\f1 means anniversary. It can also mean birthday. When you have your birthday, }{\i\f1 \rquote dych chi\rquote n dathlu eich pen-blwydd chi}{\f1 - (you celebrate your birthday). }{\i\f1 Ennyd}{\f1 is a \par word that means a moment or a while. }{\i\f1 Dw i\rquote n mynd i ymlacio am ennyd}{\f1 - (I\rquote m going to relax for a moment). }{\i\f1 Cath}{\f1 is the Welsh word for cat. It\rquote s feminine! - so the cat is }{\i\f1 y gath.}{\f1 Catrin is taking a little time out of the daily grind at her mother-in-law\rquote s. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\b\f1 Listen to the dialogue}{\i\f1 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Glenys - Ydy popeth yn iawn gartre, Catrin? \par Catrin - Gweddol, Mam. Ond dw i\rquote n falch o gael bod allan o\rquote r ty am ennyd ac ymlacio, a dweud y gwir. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Dw i\rquote n gorfod gwneud popeth. Cafodd llyfr Yncl Elwyn ei golli y bore \rquote ma, neu neithiwr. Roedd pawb \par arall yn rhy brysur i chwilio amdano fe. Wedyn cafodd ei facwn e ei losgi. Doedd neb yn edrych arno \par fe. Cafodd e ei fwyta gan y gath! \par Glenys - Catrin druan! \par Catrin - A dw i\rquote n dathlu fy mhen-blwydd i ddydd Iau! \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\f1 Ydy popeth yn iawn gartre?}{\f1 Glenys asks - (is everything OK at home?) }{\i\f1 Gweddol }{\f1 - (not too bad). }{\i\f1 Ond dw i\rquote n falch o gael bod allan o\rquote r ty}{ \f1 - (but I\rquote m glad to be out of the house). Notice Catrin says }{\i\f1 yn falch o GAEL bod allan o\rquote r ty}{\f1 - literally, glad to be allowed to be out of the house. The verb }{\i\f1 cael}{\f1 meaning to be allowed to be is often inserted in this type of phrase. }{\i\f1 Dw i\rquote n falch o gael bod allan o\rquote r ty am ennyd ac ymlacio}{\f1 - (I\rquote m glad to be out of the house for a moment and relax) - }{\i\f1 a dweud y gwir}{\f1 - (to tell the truth).}{\i\f1 Dw i\rquote n gorfod gwneud popeth}{\f1 - (I\rquote ve got to do everything). }{\i\f1 Cafodd llyfr Yncl Elwyn ei golli y bore \rquote ma, neu neithiwr}{\f1 - (Uncle Elwyn\rquote s book was lost this morning, or last night). }{\i\f1 Roedd pawb arall yn rhy brysur i chwilio amdano fe}{\f1 - (everybody else was too busy to look for it). }{\i\f1 Wedyn cafodd ei facwn e ei losgi}{\f1 - (then his bacon was burnt). }{\i\f1 Doedd neb yn edrych arno fe}{\f1 - (nobody was watching it). }{\i\f1 Cafodd e ei fwyta gan y gath}{\f1 - (it was eaten by the cat). }{\i\f1 Catrin druan!}{\f1 - (poor Catrin!) And to cap it all, Catrin says: }{\i\f1 dw i\rquote n dathlu fy mhen-blwydd i ddydd Iau}{\f1 - (I\rquote ve got my birthday on Thursday), }{\i\f1 dathlu}{\f1 - (to celebrate). \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1 Week }{\b\f1 70}{\b\f1 , Wednesday. Today we\rquote ll learn \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\f1 cafodd hi ei thorri, disgwyl, clirio, pa newydd \par }{\f1 \par Now, what about feminine nouns, those we refer to as }{\i\f1 hi}{\f1 in Welsh? }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei gweld}{\f1 could mean one of two things. She was seen or it was seen, according to context. The verb }{\i\f1 gwrthod}{\f1 , which means to refuse, can also mean to turn down. }{\i\f1 So cafodd hi ei gwrthod}{\f1 could mean two things. Either she was turned down or it was turned down. Remember the antisceptic mutation applies to the verb. This does not affect }{\i\f1 g}{ \f1 , of course, only }{\i\f1 t, c}{\f1 and }{\i\f1 p. Cafodd y gadair ei thorri}{\f1 - (the chair was broken). }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei thorri}{\f1 - (it was broken). Here\rquote s a new verb for you, }{\i\f1 clirio }{\f1 - it simply means to clear. } {\i\f1 Cafodd y ddesg ei chlirio}{\f1 - (the desk was cleared). }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei chlirio}{\f1 - (it was cleared). The word what in English can be both a noun and an adjective. In Welsh, there are different words for these two roles. You should be familiar with phrases like }{\i\f1 beth sy\rquote n bod?}{\f1 - now - (what\rquote s wrong?) We \rquote ve also had phrases like }{\i\f1 pa fath o...?}{\f1 - (what kind of?) Here, what is an adjective: what KIND. In Welsh, we say pa. }{\i\f1 Pa FATH}{\f1 . }{\i\f1 Newyddion}{\f1 is the Welsh word for news, and like news it\rquote s a plural word. In Welsh we sometimes use the singular as well to mean news. For example in the phrase }{\i\f1 pa newydd?}{\f1 - (what news?) Or what\rquote s the news. Rhys\rquote friend Dan is asking him over the phone what the news is about the job he\rquote s hoping for at the local newspaper... \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\b\f1 Listen to the dialogue}{\i\f1 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Dan - Rhys, pa newydd am y swydd \rquote na? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Rhys - Cafodd hi ei chynnig i rywun arall. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Dan - I rywun arall? O na... \par Rhys - Ond cafodd hi ei gwrthod. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Dan - O? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Rhys - Do. Gwrthododd e hi. Mae ei rieni e eisiau swydd iddo fe gyda chwmni cyfreithwyr. Felly, \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 cafodd y swydd ei chynnig i mi. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Dan - Gwych! \par Rhys - Dw i\rquote n dechrau ddydd Llun. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Dan - Wyt ti\rquote n edrych ymlaen? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Rhys - Ydw. Cafodd fy nesg ei chlirio yn llwyr ddoe achos do\rquote n i ddim yn disgwyl cael y swydd...}{\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \par }{\i\f1 Pa newydd am y swydd \rquote na?}{\f1 - (what news of that job?) It sounds disappointing initially. }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei chynnig i rywun arall}{\f1 - }{\i\f1 swydd}{\f1 is a feminine word, so }{\i\f1 cafodd HI ei CHynnig i rywun arall}{\f1 - (it was offered to someone else).}{\i\f1 Ond cafodd HI ei gwrthod }{\f1 - (but it was turned down). }{\i\f1 Gwrthododd e hi}{\f1 - (he turned it down). }{\i\f1 Mae ei rieni e eisiau swydd iddo fe gyda chwmni cyfreithwyr}{\f1 - (his parents want a job for him in a solicitors firm). }{\i\f1 Felly, cafodd y swydd ei chynnig i mi}{\f1 - (so the job was offered to me). Notice the word}{\i\f1 i,}{\f1 which means I or me in Welsh, changes to }{\i\f1 mi}{\f1 , and some people say }{\i\f1 fi}{\f1 after the preposition }{\i\f1 i. I mi }{\f1 - (to me), or for me. }{\i\f1 Gwych}{\f1 - (great)! }{\i\f1 Dw i\rquote n dechrau ddydd Llun}{\f1 - (I\rquote m starting on Monday). }{\i\f1 Wyt ti\rquote n edry ch ymlaen? }{\f1 - (are you looking forward to it?) }{\i\f1 Ydw}{\f1 - (yes I am). And here\rquote s another feminine word coming up: }{\i\f1 desg}{\f1 . It\rquote s }{\i\f1 y ddesg}{\f1 - (the desk). }{\i\f1 Cafodd fy nesg ei chlirio yn llwyr ddoe} {\f1 - (my desk was cleared completely yesterday) -}{\i\f1 achos do\rquote n i ddim yn disgwyl cael y swydd}{\f1 - (because I wasn\rquote t expecting to get the job). \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1 Week }{\b\f1 70}{\b\f1 , Thursday. Today we\rquote ll learn \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\f1 mwy neu lai, agor, yn ystod \par }{\f1 \par Let\rquote s have some more examples of the passive. Remember that }{\i\f1 ei}{\f1 meaning her or it causes an h to be placed before words beginning with a vowel. Take }{\i\f1 agor}{\f1 - (to open). }{\i\f1 Ystafell}{\f1 - (room) - is a feminine word. }{\i\f1 Cafodd yr ystafell ei hagor}{\f1 - (the room was opened). }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei hagor}{\f1 - (it was opened). }{\i\f1 Anrheg}{\f1 - (present) - is also a feminine word. }{\i\f1 Cafodd yr anrheg ei hanfon}{\f1 - (the present was sent). }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei hanfon}{\f1 - (it was sent). A couple of new phrases. }{\i\f1 Yn ystod}{\f1 means during. }{\i\f1 Yn ystod yr wythnos}{\f1 - (during the week). }{\i\f1 Mwy neu lai}{\f1 is, literally, more or less. Notice }{\i\f1 neu}{\f1 causes the soft mutation. It\rquote s Catrin\rquote s birthday, and Guto is looking pleased with himself in the office. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\f1 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\b\f1 Listen to the dialogue}{\i\f1 \par Bethan - Pam mae golwg mor hapus arnat ti y bore \rquote ma, Guto? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Wel, pen-blwydd Catrin ydy hi. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Bethan - Wyt ti wedi prynu anrheg iddi hi? \par Guto - Ydw yn ystod ein gwyliau ni. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Bethan - Ac agorodd hi anrheg y bore \rquote ma? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Do... Wel, cafodd hi i hagor gan y babi, a dweud y gwir. \par Bethan - Wyt ti\rquote n mynd i wneud rhywbeth arbennig iddi hi? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Guto - Wel, cafodd y gegin ei glanhau iddi y bore \rquote ma. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Bethan - Guto! Dyna\rquote r cwbl? \par Guto - Mwy neu lai... Beth bynnag, rhaid i fi ffonio fy mam...}{\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \par }{\i\f1 Pam mae golwg mor hapus arnat ti y bore \rquote ma?}{\f1 - (why do you look so happy this morning?) - Bethan asks Guto. Literally, why is there such a happy look on you? And the reason. }{\i\f1 Pen-blwydd Catrin ydy hi }{\f1 - (it\rquote s Catrin\rquote s birthday). }{\i\f1 Hi}{\f1 is the word for it here because that\rquote s what you use in expressions for the weather and time. He\rquote s almost expressing Catrin\rquote s birthday as a time or date. }{\i\f1 Pen-blwydd Catrin ydy hi. Wyt ti wedi prynu anrheg iddi hi?}{\f1 - (have you bought a present for her, or have you bought her a present?) }{\i\f1 Ydw yn ystod ein gwyliau ni}{\f1 - (yes during our holidays). }{\i\f1 Ac agorodd hi\rquote r anrheg y bore \rquote ma?}{\f1 - (and she opened the present this morning?) }{\i\f1 Cafodd hi ei hagor gan y babi, a dweud y gwir}{\f1 - (it was opened by the baby to tell the truth). Bethan\rquote s not impressed by Catrin\rquote s birthday arrangements so far. }{\i\f1 Wyt ti\rquote n mynd i wneud rhywbeth arbennig iddi hi?}{\f1 - (are you going to do something special for her?) }{\i\f1 Cafodd y gegin ei glanhau iddi hi y bore \rquote ma}{\f1 ! The kitchen was cleaned for her this morning!) }{\i\f1 Glanhau}{\f1 - (to clean) - isn\rquote t mutated because its the tcp mutation. }{\i\f1 Dyna\rquote r cwbl?}{\f1 - (is that the lot?) }{\i\f1 Mwy neu lai}{\f1 - (more or less).}{\i\f1 Beth bynnag, rhaid i fi ffonio fy mam}{\f1 - (anyway, I\rquote ve got to phone my mam). \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1 Week }{\b\f1 70}{\b\f1 , Friday. Today we\rquote ll learn \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\f1 ystafelloedd, medrus, o fy mlaen i, drysau, prydiau \par }{\f1 \par }{\i\f1 Nhw}{\f1 can refer to both people and things, just as they in English. }{\i\f1 Cawson nhw eu glanhau}{\f1 - (they were cleaned). Remember, }{\i\f1 eu}{\f1 meaning their does not cause a mutation, but it does add h to a following vowel. }{ \i\f1 Cawson nhw eu harestio}{\f1 - (they were arrested). }{\i\f1 Cawson nhw eu harestio}{\f1 - (they were arrested). In Welsh, even though there is a plural form of the verb for use with nhw, the singular form of the verb should be used with plural nouns. For example, we say }{\i\f1 aethon nhw i\rquote r parc}{\f1 - (they went to the park). But}{\i\f1 aeth y plant i\rquote r parc}{\f1 - (the children went to the park). You have to remember this in the passive as well. }{\i\f1 Cawson nhw eu harestio}{\f1 - (they were arrested). But }{\i\f1 cafodd y dynion eu harestio}{\f1 - (the men were arrested). It\rquote s a bit like in Welsh you use the singular after numbers: }{\i\f1 dau gar}{\f1 - (two cars). The plural sense is already present in the number. }{\i\f1 Cawson nhw eu cludo i \rquote r ysgol}{\f1 - (they were taken to school). }{\i\f1 Cafodd y llyfrau eu cludo i\rquote r ysgol}{\f1 - (the books were taken to school). }{\i\f1 Cafodd y plant eu cludo i\rquote r ysgol}{\f1 - (the children were taken to school). Let\rquote s have some plurals of words we already know. }{\i\f1 Ystafelloedd}{\f1 is the plural of }{\i\f1 ystafell}{\f1 - (rooms). }{\i\f1 Drysau}{\f1 is the plural of }{\i\f1 drws}{\f1 - (doors). And }{\i\f1 prydau}{\f1 is the plural of pryd as in }{ \i\f1 pryd o fwyd}{\f1 - (meals).}{\i\f1 O fy mlaen i}{\f1 is a phrase meaning in front of me, or before me. }{\i\f1 Mae fy mywyd i gyd o fy mlaen i}{\f1 - (my whole life\rquote s in front of me). }{\i\f1 Abl }{\f1 is an adjective meaning able or capable. }{\i\f1 Mae Guto yn abl iawn}{\f1 - (Guto is very capable). Catrin is over at her mother-in-law\rquote s, Glenys, having a cup of coffee and discussing how her birthday went. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\b\f1 Listen to the dialogue}{\i\f1 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Glenys - Gest ti ben-blwydd da, Catrin? \par Catrin - Do, diolch. \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Glenys - Beth wnaethon nhw i ti? \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 Catrin - O, cafodd popeth ei wneud. Cafodd yr ystafelloedd eu glanhau, cafodd drysau eu hagor o fy \par mlaen i, cafodd y prydau i gyd eu gwneud i fi. Ces i ginio gwych, rhaid i fi ddweud. Dw i ddim yn siwr \par }\pard \ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2835\itap0 {\i\f1 gan bwy cafodd e ei wneud, a dweud y giwr. Dydy Guto ddim yn ddigon abl.}{\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\f1 Gest ti ben-blwydd da?}{\f1 , Glenys asks Catrin: did you have a good birthday? }{\i\f1 Do, diolch}{\f1 - (yes thanks). Glenys wants to know how her family treated her. }{\i\f1 Beth wnaethon nhw i ti?}{\f1 - (what did they do for you?) Notice, this sentence could mean, what did they do TO you, as well, depending on context. }{\i\f1 Cafodd popeth ei wneud}{\f1 - (everything was done). }{\i\f1 Popeth}{\f1 is masculine singular, so there\rquote s a soft mutation: }{\i\f1 ei wneud}{\f1 . }{\i\f1 Cafodd yr ystfaelloedd eu glanhau}{\f1 - (the rooms were cleaned).}{\i\f1 Cafodd drysau eu hagor o fy mlaen i}{\f1 - (doors were opened before me). }{\i\f1 Cafodd y prydau i gyd eu gwneud i fi}{\f1 - (all the meals were made for me).}{\i\f1 Ces i ginio gwych}{\f1 - (I had a terrific dinner), }{\i\f1 rhaid i fi ddweud}{\f1 - (I\rquote ve got to say). }{\i\f1 Dw i ddim yn siwr gan bwy cafodd e ei wneud} {\f1 - (I\rquote m not sure by whom it was made), or, who it was made by. }{\i\f1 Dydy Guto ddim yn ddigon abl}{\f1 - (Guto is not capable enough). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 }{\f1 \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1 6 questions to test yourself: \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs20 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1 1.\tab Translate \lquote the e-mail was sent\rquote into Welsh: \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs20 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab a)\tab }{\b\f1\fs20 cafodd yr e-bost ei anfon}{\f1\fs20 \par \tab b)\tab cafodd yr e-bost ei ddarllen \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab c)\tab cafodd yr e-bost ei agor \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1 2.\tab What\rquote s the Welsh word for \lquote suppliers\rquote ?: \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \tab a)\tab }{\b\f1 cyflenwyr}{\f1 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1 \tab b)\tab pennaeth \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs20 \tab c)\tab ysgrifennydd \par \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 3.\tab What\rquote s the Welsh verb for \lquote to burn\rquote ?: \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \par \tab a)\tab dathlu \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab b)\tab }{\b\f1\fs20 llosgi}{\f1\fs20 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1 \tab c)\tab bwyta \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs20 \par 4.\tab What\rquote s the Welsh verb for \lquote to clear\rquote ?: \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab a)\tab disgwyl \par \tab b)\tab }{\b\f1\fs20 clirio}{\f1\fs20 \par \tab c)\tab gwrthod \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 5.\tab Translate \lquote the present was sent\rquote into Welsh: \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \par \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab a)\tab cafodd hi ei hagor \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab b)\tab cafodd yr ystafell ei hagor \par \tab c)\tab }{\b\f1\fs20 cafodd yr anrheg ei hanfon}{\f1\fs20 \par \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 6.}{\fs20 \tab }{\f1\fs20 Translate \lquote they were taken to school\rquote into Welsh: \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \par \tab a)\tab cafodd y plant eu cludo i\rquote r ysgol \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab b)\tab }{\b\f1\fs20 cawson nhw eu cludo i\rquote r ysgol}{\f1\fs20 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx1134\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs20 \tab c)\tab cafodd y llyfrau eu cludo i\rquote r ysgol \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f1 \par }}